Kesubos 57b

כתובות נ״ז ע״ב

Ketubot 57b

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Topic

The twelve months a בתולה gets to prepare, rules for marrying a קטנה and a בוגרת, and why an ארוסה of a כהן may not eat תרומה

Overview

The amud opens with the last line of the משנה: a woman engaged to a כהן does not eat תרומה until she enters the חופה. The גמרא then asks where we learn that a בתולה gets twelve months to prepare for her wedding. It learns this from רבקה's family asking for 'ימים או עשור', where 'ימים' means a year. Next, רבי זירא and רבי אבא בר לוי teach rules about the marriage of a קטנה: both she and her father can delay it, and a match may be arranged now for a wedding after she grows up. רב הונא rules that a girl who became a בוגרת before her betrothal gets only thirty days. He survives two challenges, but a ברייתא refutes him, and רב פפא explains that the thirty days are for a woman who was a בוגרת for a full year. Finally, the גמרא asks why the חכמים stopped an ארוסה from eating תרומה when the Torah would allow it. עולא says it is because she might share it with her family, and רב שמואל בר רב יהודה says it is because the betrothal might be cancelled (סימפון). Each reason is tested against other cases, and the discussion of slaves continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (33)

1. StatementA woman eats תרומה only after the חופה
2. QuestionWhere do we learn the twelve months?
3. Responseרב חסדא brings the פסוק about רבקה
4. Question'ימים' cannot mean two days
5. Response'ימים' means a year
6. ChallengeMaybe 'ימים' means a month
7. ResolutionPlain 'ימים' is learned from plain 'ימים'
8. StatementA minor girl or her father may delay her wedding
9. QuestionWhy does the father get a say?
10. ResponseThe father fears she will leave and return to him
11. StatementArranging a marriage for a minor girl
12. ChallengeIsn't the second rule obvious?
13. ResolutionNo need to worry that early planning will frighten her
14. StatementA girl who matured before betrothal gets thirty days
15. ChallengeChallenge: a grown girl is like one who was asked
16. ResolutionLike a widow who was asked
17. ChallengeChallenge from a grown woman who waited twelve months
18. ResolutionReading the משנה as two separate cases
19. ChallengeA ברייתא says a בוגרת who becomes betrothed gets twelve months
20. Conclusionרב הונא is refuted
21. QuestionWhat does the line about the betrothed girl and thirty days mean?
22. Responseרב פפא: a בוגרת for twelve months who then gets betrothed gets thirty days
23. Statementעולא: by Torah law an ארוסה of a כהן may eat תרומה
24. StatementWhy the חכמים stopped her: she might share the wine with her family
25. ChallengeThen the same worry should apply after the wedding date
26. ResolutionAfter the date, the husband gives her a set place
27. ChallengeWhat about a כהן worker in a ישראל's home?
28. ResolutionThey feed him; they won't eat his food
29. StatementA second reason: the betrothal might be cancelled
30. ChallengeThen the woman at the חופה should be banned too
31. ResolutionHe checks her before the חופה
32. ChallengeWhat about a slave bought from a ישראל?
33. ResolutionSlave sales are not cancelled over defects