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Kiddushin 11b

קידושין י״א ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 11b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Testing רב אסי's rule that money in the תורה means Tyrian silver, rewording it to cover fixed amounts only, and a new source for בית שמאי's דינר minimum for קידושין.

Overview

Earlier on the דף, רב אסי taught that whenever the תורה says כסף (money), it means a full silver coin, a כסף צורי. The גמרא first tests this rule with three cases: the oath over a claim, מעשר שני, and הקדש. Each time it answers that the case has a special source of its own: a comparison to 'vessels', the extra word 'the' in the פסוק, or a גזירה שוה from מעשר. A fourth challenge comes from קידושין. There בית הלל allow just a פרוטה, so רב אסי would seem to agree only with בית שמאי. The גמרא therefore rewords רב אסי's rule: only a fixed amount in the תורה is Tyrian money, while amounts set by the חכמים are cheaper local money. The new point turns out to be the rabbinic half: the חכמים' fine of a סלע for striking someone is only half a זוז. Then ריש לקיש offers a different source for בית שמאי's דינר minimum, from חזקיה's teaching that an אמה עבריה can deduct from her redemption price. The גמרא pushes back on that proof, and the discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וַהֲרֵי טַעֲנָה, דִּכְתִיב:

But there is the case of a claim, as it is written:

״כִּי יִתֵּן אִישׁ אֶל רֵעֵהוּ

"If a man gives to his neighbor

כֶּסֶף אוֹ כֵלִים לִשְׁמֹר״,

money or vessels to guard"

וּתְנַן: שְׁבוּעַת הַדַּיָּינִין,

And we learned in a משנה: the oath of the judges applies when

The steps (13)

  1. ChallengeChallenge from the oath over a claim
  2. ResolutionMoney is compared to vessels
  3. ChallengeChallenge from second tithe money
  4. ResolutionThe extra word 'the' includes other coins
  5. ChallengeChallenge from redeeming הקדש for a פרוטה
  6. Resolutionהקדש learns from מעשר through a גזירה שוה
  7. ChallengeBetrothing a woman with a פרוטה
  8. ResolutionRestating רב אסי: fixed תורה amounts versus rabbinic amounts
  9. ChallengeIsn't this already taught in a משנה?
  10. ResolutionThe new point is the rabbinic half: a fine of a 'סלע' is local money
  11. Statementריש לקיש: בית שמאי's reason comes from חזקיה
  12. ProofWhy deducting requires a price bigger than a פרוטה
  13. RejectionMaybe a פרוטה purchase simply has no deducting