Kiddushin 37a

קידושין ל״ז ע״א

Learn Kiddushin 37a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Which מצוות apply only in ארץ ישראל, and whether רבי אליעזר is stricter about חדש

Overview

This amud opens with the end of the משנה. ערלה and כלאים apply even outside ארץ ישראל, and רבי אליעזר adds חדש. The גמרא first rejects the idea that a 'land-dependent' מצוה is one written with the word 'coming' into the land, because of תפילין and פטר חמור. רב יהודה gives the real rule: a חובת הגוף applies everywhere, while a חובת קרקע applies only in ארץ ישראל. A ברייתא on דברים 12 proves this by comparing to עבודה זרה. The גמרא then asks whether רבי אליעזר's view on חדש is stricter or more lenient than the first תנא, and lays out both readings based on the word 'מושב'. From אביי's statement that רבי ישמעאל, who limits 'מושב' to after settling the land, is the one who argues with רבי אליעזר, it proves that רבי אליעזר is the stricter one. Finally, the גמרא asks which מצוה רבי ישמעאל was talking about, answers נסכים, and starts a question about נסכים that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. StatementExceptions to the land rule: ערלה, כלאים, and maybe חדש
2. QuestionWhat counts as 'tied to the land'?
3. ChallengeThe 'coming into the land' definition fails
4. Resolutionרב יהודה: body duty versus land duty
5. QuestionWhat is the source?
6. ProofA ברייתא begins explaining דברים 12:1
7. ProofTwo phrases in the verse seem to pull in opposite directions
8. ProofLearning from idol worship: a duty on the person applies everywhere
9. QuestionIs רבי אליעזר being stricter or more lenient?
10. ResponseThe stricter reading: the first view limits חדש to the land
11. ResponseWhy the first תנא says חדש applies only in the land
12. ResponseIn the stricter reading, רבי אליעזר says חדש applies everywhere
13. ResponseIn the lenient reading, the first תנא says חדש applies everywhere
14. ResponseIn the lenient reading, רבי אליעזר says חדש applies only in the land
15. ResolutionWhat 'even' means in the lenient reading
16. Proofאביי names the תנא who argues with רבי אליעזר
17. Statementרבי ישמעאל: 'מושב' means after conquering and settling the land
18. Challengeרבי עקיבא challenges from שבת
19. Resolutionרבי ישמעאל: שבת comes from a קל וחומר
20. ConclusionSo רבי אליעזר is the stricter one
21. QuestionWhich מצוה was רבי ישמעאל talking about? נסכים