Kiddushin 37b

קידושין ל״ז ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 37b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

When do מצוות that say ביאה ('coming') and מושב ('dwelling') take effect, and what do these words teach in different מצוות

Overview

The גמרא is studying רבי ישמעאל's rule about the words ביאה ('coming') and מושב ('dwelling'). First it narrows the rule: a מצוה waits until the land is conquered and settled only when both words appear together. It defends this reading against רבי עקיבא's challenge from שבת by explaining that רבי ישמעאל gave two answers. It then explains the practical difference between the two: whether נסכים were brought in the מדבר. Next אביי shows that another תנא of רבי ישמעאל's school learns from the מצוה of מלך that every 'coming to the land' means after conquest and settlement. The two sides argue back and forth about whether מלך and ביכורים are two verses that teach the same thing. The גמרא then asks why the word מושב is written by שבת, חלב ודם, and מצה ומרור, and why ביאה is written by תפילין and פטר חמור, and it gives each word a job. Finally it begins a proof from a פסוק in יהושע about eating the new grain, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. ChallengeBut the verse says both 'coming' and 'dwelling'
2. ResolutionThe rule applies only when both words appear
3. ChallengeThen why didn't רבי ישמעאל answer רבי עקיבא this way?
4. ResolutionHe gave one answer and then a second one
5. QuestionWhat is the practical difference between them?
6. ResponseWere נסכים brought in the desert?
7. Statementאביי: two teachings from רבי ישמעאל's school clash
8. StatementThe second teaching: every 'coming to the land' means after conquest and settlement
9. RejectionThe other side: מלך and ביכורים are two verses that say the same thing, so they cannot teach
10. ResolutionBoth verses are needed, so they can still teach
11. ChallengeNo, ביכורים could be learned from מלך with a קל וחומר
12. ResolutionThe ביכורים verse is needed so we don't compare it to חלה
13. QuestionWhy does the תורה write 'מושב' by שבת?
14. Response'מושב' teaches that שבת does not depend on בית דין
15. QuestionWhy does the תורה write 'מושב' by חלב and blood?
16. Response'מושב' teaches that חלב and blood stay forbidden without קרבנות
17. QuestionWhy does the תורה write 'מושב' by מצה and מרור?
18. Response'מושב' teaches that מצה and מרור apply even without the קרבן פסח
19. QuestionWhy is 'coming into the land' written for תפילין and פטר חמור?
20. ResponseThe word teaches that this מצוה earns entry into the land
21. ChallengeA פסוק in יהושע fits the view that 'מושב' means wherever you dwell