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Kiddushin 9b

קידושין ט׳ ע״ב

Learn Kiddushin 9b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Writing a שטר אירוסין לשמה and with her knowledge, and the פסוקים that teach קידושין through ביאה

Overview

The גמרא finishes ריש לקיש's question and rules that a betrothal document must be written לשמה, because the פסוק links 'וְיָצְאָה' (divorce) with 'וְהָיְתָה' (marriage). Next, אמוראים argue about a שטר written for her but without her knowledge. רב פפא shows how each side reads the same comparison to a גט. A challenge from a משנה is answered by saying it is about money documents, like רב גידל's teaching. The גמרא then turns to קידושין through ביאה. רבי יוחנן learns it from 'בְּעֻלַת בַּעַל', and רבי learns it from 'וּבְעָלָהּ'. Along the way, רבי אבא בר ממל asks how a betrothed virgin could ever exist, and רב נחמן בר יצחק answers with קידושי שטר. The גמרא explains what each side learns from the other's פסוק, including that an אמה העבריה is not acquired through ביאה. It ends with a challenge from the ברייתא of ten men, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

יְצִיאָה בָּעֵינַן לִשְׁמָהּ –

[just as] for leaving we require it for her sake,

אַף הֲוָיָיה בָּעֵינַן לִשְׁמָהּ,

so too for becoming we require it for her sake?

אוֹ דִלְמָא הֲוָיוֹת לַהֲדָדֵי מַקְּשִׁינַן,

Or perhaps we compare the ways of becoming to each other,

מָה הֲוָיָיה דְכֶסֶף לָא בָּעֵינַן לִשְׁמָהּ –

just as becoming with money does not need to be for her sake,

The steps (30)

  1. QuestionWhich comparison applies to a betrothal document?
  2. Responseריש לקיש answers: becoming is compared to leaving
  3. StatementArgument: a document written for her but without her knowledge
  4. Proofרב פפא explains the other side's reason
  5. Proofרב פפא explains his own reason: the giver must agree
  6. ChallengeA teaching that seems to require both sides to agree
  7. ResolutionThe teaching means documents listing what each side gives
  8. Statementרב גידל: money promises made at a match are binding by words alone
  9. QuestionWhere do we learn that ביאה makes קידושין?
  10. Responseרבי יוחנן learns it from 'בְּעֻלַת בַּעַל'
  11. ChallengeWhy not use רבי's source 'וּבְעָלָהּ'?
  12. Resolution'וּבְעָלָהּ' alone could mean ביאה only after קידושין
  13. ChallengeHow could a betrothed young virgin ever exist?
  14. ResolutionAnswer: the betrothed man had relations in an atypical way
  15. Rejectionאביי rejects it: with her husband, she is no longer a virgin
  16. QuestionWhere is this argument?
  17. ResponseThe ברייתא of ten men
  18. ResolutionA betrothal by document makes the case possible
  19. QuestionWhat does רבי יוחנן learn from ״וּבְעָלָהּ״?
  20. ResponseA wife is acquired through ביאה, but a Hebrew maidservant is not
  21. ProofA proposed קל וחומר from יבמה
  22. RejectionThe קל וחומר fails because a יבמה is already bound
  23. ConclusionThe real reason: a היקש to the other wife
  24. QuestionWhere does רבי learn the אמה העבריה exclusion?
  25. ResponseThe extra ה gives רבי two lessons
  26. QuestionWhat about רבא, who uses the פסוק for another lesson?
  27. ResponseThe joining ו lets רבא learn everything
  28. QuestionWhat does רבי do with ״בְּעֻלַת בַּעַל״?
  29. ResponseOnly the husband makes her a בעולה through atypical relations
  30. ChallengeA ברייתא suggests רבי holds that any man can make her a בעולה