Menachos 5b

מנחות ה׳ ע״ב

Menachot 5b

Learn Menachos 5b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 5b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

ריש לקיש's view that dawn permits the new grain, רבא on a עומר offered with wrong intent, and why a פסוק is needed to exclude a טרפה from the מזבח.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing ריש לקיש's rule that dawn of the sixteenth of ניסן permits the new grain (חדש). The גמרא shows that he never said this outright. It is inferred from his ruling that new-grain offerings brought on the sixteenth, even before the עומר, are כשר. רבא then rules that a מנחת העומר whose handful was taken שלא לשמה is fully כשר, because wrong intent only works with a fit person, a fit item and a fit place. A ברייתא next learns from the extra words 'מן הבקר' that a טרפה may not be offered. It also tests whether a קל וחומר could teach this instead, going back and forth with חלב and דם and with מליקה. The גמרא asks which refutation the ברייתא had in mind. רב suggests the עומר, ריש לקיש the קטורת, מר בריה דרבינא שבת, and רב אדא בר אבא כלאים. Each one is rejected, mostly because those cases are themselves a מצוה and offering a טרפה is not. The rejection of רב אדא בר אבא's כלאים proof continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (37)

1. Statementריש לקיש's rule: dawn permits the new grain
2. StatementThis rule was not said outright but inferred
3. StatementThe משנה: new-grain offerings before the עומר are invalid
4. StatementBefore the two loaves: not allowed, but valid after the fact
5. Statementריש לקיש limits the invalid case to the fourteenth and fifteenth
6. Challengeריש לקיש's own difficulty: lacking the proper time
7. ConclusionSo ריש לקיש holds that dawn permits
8. Statementרבא: the עומר stays valid even with wrong intent
9. Statementרבא explains each of his three conditions
10. StatementA ברייתא: 'מן הבקר' excludes a טרפה
11. ChallengeWhy not learn it from a קל וחומר?
12. Rejectionחלב and דם break the קל וחומר
13. RejectionFat and blood are different because they come from a permitted animal
14. RejectionA pinched bird proves that a fully forbidden item can still be offered
15. RejectionPinching is different because its holiness is what makes it forbidden
16. ConclusionThe extra words 'מן הבקר' exclude a טרפה
17. QuestionWhat refutation did the ברייתא mean?
18. Responseרב: the מנחת העומר refutes the קל וחומר
19. RejectionThe עומר is special because it permits new grain
20. ResolutionThe עומר of the seventh year
21. ChallengeEven in שביעית the עומר permits ספיחין
22. ResolutionFollowing רבי עקיבא, ספיחין are forbidden anyway
23. ChallengeEven for רבי עקיבא, the עומר permits new grain outside ארץ ישראל
24. ChallengeEven without outside grain, the עומר permits itself
25. ChallengeThen a טרפה could permit itself too
26. RejectionThe real difference: the עומר is commanded this way
27. Statementריש לקיש brings proof from the incense maker
28. ChallengeBut the preparer is a person
29. ResolutionHe meant the preparing of the incense
30. RejectionThe incense is also commanded this way
31. Statementמר בריה דרבינא: שבת shows the קל וחומר can fail
32. Rejectionשבת is weaker because it is permitted for מילה
33. ChallengeBut circumcision is a מצוה, not a personal need
34. RejectionBetter rejection: bringing offerings on שבת is itself a מצוה
35. Statementרב אדא בר אבא: כלאים show the קל וחומר can fail
36. Rejectionכלאים is already allowed for an ordinary person with ציצית
37. Challengeציצית is a מצוה, not a private need