Menachos 61a

מנחות ס״א ע״א

Menachot 61a

Learn Menachos 61a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 61a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Which offerings need הגשה, תנופה, both or neither, and how and where these rites are done

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא on the פסוק 'וְהִגִּישָׁהּ'. It concludes that a מנחה needs הגשה only if part of it is burned on the altar, it comes on its own, and part of it is eaten by the כהנים. That rule leaves out שתי הלחם, לחם הפנים, מנחת נסכים, מנחת כהנים and מנחת כהן משיח. A גזירה שוה from 'בְּקֻמְצוֹ' then shows that the קמיצה is done with the כהן's hand, not with a כלי. Next comes a new משנה that sorts offerings into groups: those that need only תנופה, those that need both תנופה and הגשה, and those that need neither. The משנה also explains how the waving is done, that waving is in the east and הגשה in the west, and that waving comes first. רבי שמעון adds that שלמי יחיד, שלמי ציבור and אשם מצורע each get two of three מצוות: סמיכה, תנופה while alive, and תנופה after שחיטה. The גמרא learns that the מצורע's אשם and לוג are ideally waved together, though separately also works, and only once. It also explains why 'לפני ה׳' can mean the east. Finally, it shows that רבי אליעזר בן יעקב learns waving for ביכורים through a גזירה שוה of 'hand' from שלמים.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. ResponseOrdinary meal offerings are included; the libation meal offering is excluded
2. ChallengeChallenge: the priests' meal offerings also come on their own
3. ResolutionThe word 'וְהִגִּישָׁהּ' excludes the priests' offerings
4. ChallengeChallenge: that word is needed for the basic rule of bringing near
5. ResolutionThe extra letter teaches the exclusion
6. QuestionWhy include some offerings and exclude the priests' offerings?
7. ResponseThe full test: part burned on the altar, part eaten by the priests
8. QuestionCould the removal of the handful be done with a vessel?
9. ResponseLearned from another verse: it must be done with the hand
10. StatementOfferings that need waving but not bringing near
11. StatementHow the waving is done
12. StatementWhere waving and bringing near take place, and which comes first
13. StatementOfferings that need both, and offerings that need neither
14. StatementThree offerings that each need two of three מצוות
15. StatementWhich two מצוות each offering gets
16. StatementThe metzora's guilt offering and oil are waved together
17. QuestionWhat if each was waved separately
18. ResponseThe singular words show separate waving works
19. QuestionMaybe he should wave more than once
20. ResponseOnly one waving
21. StatementBefore ה׳ means the east side
22. ChallengeBut elsewhere before ה׳ was read as the west
23. ResolutionThe west applies only to a מנחה, which needs a יסוד
24. Statementמשנה: ביכורים follow רבי אליעזר בן יעקב
25. QuestionWhich statement of רבי אליעזר בן יעקב?
26. ResponseThe ברייתא: 'ולקח הכהן' teaches waving for ביכורים
27. QuestionWhy does 'ולקח הכהן' mean waving?
28. ResponseA גזירה שוה of 'hand' from שלמים