Menachos 73a

מנחות ע״ג ע״א

Menachot 73a

Learn Menachos 73a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 73a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

How כהנים share קרבנות (no trading of shares), and which unusual offerings the כהנים receive (מנחות 73a)

Overview

The amud opens in the middle of a בריתא about how the כהנים share their portions of קרבנות. Again and again it suggests a reason why a כהן might trade his share of one offering for a share of another: מנחות for עופות, עופות for זבחים, one מנחה for another, two of the very same kind, or offerings of lesser holiness (קדשים קלים). Each suggestion is rejected by another phrase from ויקרא 7:9–12, so no trading is allowed. The word איש adds that an adult כהן gets a share even with a מום, but a minor does not. The גמרא then works out which word teaches the no-trading law (the extra ו of וכל), so that the rest of the פסוק stays free for חזקיה's teaching. רבינא brings a different source from לוי's בריתא on במדבר 18:9. In that בריתא, each 'every' adds something the כהנים receive: the מצורע's oil, the עומר and the סוטה's מנחה, the bird חטאת, and the אשם נזיר. It ends by teaching that גזל הגר is the כהן's own property. The amud closes as רב הונא begins a new statement, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (24)

1. ProofThe verse says every meal offering is shared equally among the כהנים
2. ChallengeMaybe meal offerings can be traded for bird offerings
3. ResolutionThe phrase about the deep pan rules out trading meal offerings for birds
4. ChallengeMaybe bird offerings can be traded for animal offerings
5. ResolutionThe phrase about the flat pan rules out trading birds for animals
6. ChallengeMaybe one meal offering can be traded for another
7. ResolutionEven one meal offering may not be traded for another
8. ChallengeMaybe the same kind of pan offering can be traded
9. ResolutionEven the same kind may not be traded
10. ChallengeMaybe trading is allowed with lesser-holiness offerings
11. ResolutionLesser-holiness offerings follow the same rule
12. StatementWho receives a share: adult yes, minor no
13. ResolutionThe no-trading law comes from the word כל
14. ChallengeBut כל was already used for רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה
15. ResolutionThe source is the extra ו in וכל
16. Resolutionרבינא brings a different source from Levi's teaching
17. StatementEvery offering adds the leper's log of oil
18. StatementEvery meal offering adds the omer and the sotah's offering
19. StatementEvery sin offering adds the bird sin offering
20. Statement'Every guilt offering of theirs' includes the nazirite's and the leper's guilt offerings
21. ChallengeThe leper's guilt offering already has an explicit verse
22. ResolutionThe verse includes the nazirite's guilt offering, making it like the leper's
23. Statement'Which they may restore' is a stolen item from a convert, fully the כהנים' property
24. StatementIntroducing a new statement of רב הונא