Menachos 74a

מנחות ע״ד ע״א

Menachot 74a

Learn Menachos 74a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 74a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

A כהן's מנחת חוטא: what happens to its remainder, where we learn that a כהן may serve on his own offering, and how the פסוק "כליל תהיה לא תאכל" is read.

Overview

This amud finishes a ברייתא about a כהן's מנחת חוטא. Like a ישראל's, it has a קומץ removed. But from the פסוק "לכהן כמנחה" we learn that the remainder is not eaten: the קומץ and the שירים are each burned on their own. The גמרא then asks why we need this פסוק to teach that a כהן may serve on his own offering. Its answer is that each of three פסוקים teaches something the others cannot, and the last case is a deliberate false oath. Next comes another ברייתא: רבי שמעון says the שירים are burned, while his son רבי אלעזר says they are scattered on the בית הדשן. רבי יוחנן questions this, and רבי אבא suggests the שירים are simply wasted. A teaching about the פסוק "כל מנחת כהן כליל תהיה לא תאכל" supports that idea, and אביי and רבא argue over how to split the פסוק between the כהן's נדבה and his חובה. The רבנן use the same פסוק for a גזירה שוה on "כליל", which gives both the חביתין and the priest's מנחה both rules. The amud ends as רבינא begins asking about a כהן who eats from the אימורין, a question that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. StatementA priest's sinner meal offering has a handful removed, like an Israelite's
2. ChallengeShould the priest's remainder also be eaten?
3. ResolutionThe verse limits the comparison: the remainder is burned separately
4. ChallengeIs the rule that a priest may serve his own offering learned from here?
5. ChallengeAnother verse already lets a כהן bring his offerings whenever he wants
6. ResolutionThe verse in דברים covers only offerings not brought for a sin
7. ChallengeA verse in במדבר already teaches a כהן can atone for himself
8. ResolutionThe verse in במדבר covers only an accidental sin
9. QuestionHow can a deliberate sin bring a sin offering?
10. ResponseThe case is a deliberate false oath
11. StatementWhat happens to a כהן's מנחת חוטא: father and son disagree
12. ChallengeWhich ash place does רבי אלעזר mean?
13. ResolutionMaybe the שירים are just thrown away
14. RejectionThe חכמים laugh: nothing is offered just to be wasted
15. ProofA teaching showing that a כהן's sin-offering מנחה goes to waste
16. QuestionWhat does this teaching mean?
17. Responseאביי splits the פסוק between חובה and נדבה
18. Rejectionרבא: that reading chops up the פסוק
19. Resolutionרבא's smoother split of the פסוק
20. ChallengeWhy not reverse it?
21. ResolutionThe נדבה is more like the חביתין
22. ChallengeMaybe the obligatory offering should be included instead
23. ResolutionThe gift offering has more points in common
24. QuestionWhat do the רבנן learn from 'לא תאכל'?
25. ResponseA ברייתא: each verse states only one rule
26. QuestionHow do we swap the rules between the two offerings?
27. ResponseA גזירה שוה from the word 'entirely'
28. ConclusionBoth offerings share both rules
29. QuestionA priest who eats from the altar portions