Gemara Clarity

Menachos 84a

מנחות פ״ד ע״א

Menachot 84a

Learn Menachos 84a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Menachos 84a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Where the עומר may come from: outside the Land, שביעית growth, last year's grain, and the source for requiring new grain.

Overview

The גמרא first says that all opinions agree the עומר and שתי הלחם must come from grain of ארץ ישראל. The one exception is רבי יוסי בר רבי יהודה, who holds that חדש outside the Land is forbidden by Torah law (״מושבותיכם״), so the עומר may come from there too. Next, a משנה says guards of ספיחין in שביעית are paid from Temple funds. רמי בר חמא asks how this fits with the rule that שביעית produce is for eating and not for burning. רב חסדא answers that the עומר is ״לדורותיכם״ and cannot be skipped. It also cannot come from last year's grain, because it must be כרמל, fresh, at the time it is offered. רבי יוחנן and רבי אלעזר then argue about the source for the rule against old grain: כרמל or ראשית קצירך. רבה brings a ברייתא proving the עומר is barley because it is the first new grain, and this ends in a תיובתא of רבי יוחנן. Finally the גמרא starts a משנה from ביכורים about the seven species, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אֲבָל בָּאָרֶץ לָא פְּלִיגִי,

But regarding the Land, they do not disagree,

דְּעוֹמֶר וּשְׁתֵּי הַלֶּחֶם מֵאָרֶץ – אִין,

that the omer and the two loaves from the Land: yes,

מֵחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ – לָא.

from outside the Land: no.

כְּמַאן?

In accordance with whom?

The steps (18)

  1. StatementEveryone agrees the עומר and שתי הלחם must come from the Land
  2. QuestionWhose opinion is this?
  3. ResponseNot like רבי יוסי בר רבי יהודה, who allows the עומר from abroad
  4. StatementWhy רבי יוסי בר רבי יהודה allows the עומר from abroad
  5. StatementGuards of ספיחין in שביעית are paid from the Temple fund
  6. Challengeרמי בר חמא raises a contradiction about ספיחין in שביעית
  7. Resolutionרב חסדא: the תורה says the עומר is for all generations
  8. Challengeרמי בר חמא: bring the עומר from last year's grain
  9. RejectionThe עומר must be כרמל, fresh grain
  10. ChallengeUse fresh grain harvested last year
  11. RejectionIt must be כרמל at the time of offering
  12. StatementTwo אמוראים give two sources for the new-crop rule
  13. Challengeרבה begins an objection by quoting a ברייתא about the עומר
  14. Proofרבי אליעזר proves barley from the word אביב
  15. Proofרבי עקיבא proves barley from the pattern of offerings
  16. Proofרבי עקיבא's second proof that the עומר is barley: the שתי הלחם must be 'first'
  17. ConclusionThe עומר is 'first' grain, so רבי יוחנן is refuted
  18. StatementNew topic: ביכורים come only from the seven species