Nazir 45a
נזיר מ״ה ע״א
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Topic
Why a מחוסר כפרה may not enter מחנה לויה, and the משנה and ברייתא on when and where a נזיר does his תגלחת הטהרה
Overview
The amud opens by finishing אביי's discussion of why someone who has immersed but has not yet brought his קרבנות is held back. A ברייתא shows that even a טמא מת, and even a dead body, may enter מחנה לויה, where the Gate of ניקנור stands. So טומאה cannot be the reason. אביי explains that the real reason is that the person is מחוסר כפרה, still missing his atonement. He learns this from the תורה calling the place 'אהל מועד', which links מחנה לויה to the מקדש. The מקדש rule itself comes from the words 'עוד טומאתו בו'. Then a new משנה describes the תגלחת הטהרה of a נזיר: רבי יהודה says he shaves after the שלמים, and רבי אלעזר says after the חטאת. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל adds that animals brought without names are offered as whatever they fit. The גמרא brings a ברייתא with several readings of 'פתח אהל מועד': it points to the שלמים and not the actual doorway (proved from respect, from רבי יאשיה's קל וחומר, and from רבי יצחק's reading), it sets a time when the doorway is open (אבא חנן), or it excludes a נזירה (רבי שמעון שזורי). רבי שמעון שזורי's teaching continues on the next amud.
Opening lines
מִכְּדֵי שַׁעֲרֵי נִיקָנוֹר
Now, the Gate of Nicanor,
הֵיכָא קָיְימִין —
where is it located?
בְּשַׁעֲרֵי לְוִיָּיה.
In the gates of the Levites.
וְהָתַנְיָא: טְמֵא מֵת
But it was taught: one impure from a corpse
The steps (19)
- StatementThe Gate of ניקנור has the status of מחנה לויה
- ChallengeEven a corpse may enter מחנה לויה
- ResolutionThe real reason: he is still missing atonement
- QuestionWhy does the תורה call מחנה לויה by the name אהל מועד?
- Responseמחנה לויה shares the rule of אהל מועד
- QuestionWhere do we learn the rule for the מקדש itself?
- ResponseTwo phrases in the פסוק include the טבול יום and the מחוסר כפרה
- StatementNew משנה: רבי יהודה says to shave after the שלמים
- Statementרבי אלעזר says to shave after the חטאת
- Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: three animals brought without saying which is which
- Proofגמרא: the source for רבי יהודה from "פתח אהל מועד"
- QuestionMaybe it means the real doorway?
- ResponseShaving at the doorway would be disrespectful
- Proofרבי יאשיה: a קל וחומר from the steps of the מזבח
- ProofAnother version of רבי יאשיה from the מדרש
- Proofרבי יצחק: he only needs to take and place the hair
- ProofA second version of רבי יצחק's proof
- Statementאבא חנן: the doorway must be open when he shaves
- Statementרבי שמעון שזורי: a male נזיר, not a female