Gemara Clarity

Nedarim 84b

נדרים פ״ד ע״ב

Learn Nedarim 84b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

טובת הנאה: whether the owner's right to choose who gets מעשר עני and priestly gifts counts as a benefit or as money, applied to vows against benefit.

Overview

The גמרא asks whether a woman who vowed not to benefit from people may take מעשר עני. The answer depends on טובת הנאה, the owner's right to choose which poor person gets the tithe. רב יוסף tries to tie this to the מחלוקת between רבי אליעזר and חכמים about the מעשר עני of דמאי. אביי rejects that proof. He says the argument is really about whether עמי הארץ are suspected of skipping מעשר עני. רבא settles the sources a different way. Tithe handed out at home, where the Torah says 'give,' carries טובת הנאה, so she may not take it. Tithe left at the threshing floor, where the Torah says 'leave,' carries none, so she may take it. Next the גמרא finds a contradiction in our משנה about whether טובת הנאה is worth money. רב הושעיא answers that the two halves follow רבי and רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה, who argue about how much a thief pays for stolen טבל. The explanation of that argument continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים:

And the Rabbis say:

קוֹרֵא שֵׁם, וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ.

He designates it by name, but he does not need to set it aside.

מַאי לָאו,

What, is it not

לְמַאן דְּאָמַר סְפֵקוֹ טוֹבֵל,

that according to the one who says its doubt makes it טבל

The steps (13)

  1. StatementThe view of חכמים on the poor man's tithe of דמאי
  2. Proofרב יוסף explains the view of חכמים: the owner has טובת הנאה
  3. Proofרב יוסף explains רבי אליעזר: no טובת הנאה, so benefit is allowed
  4. Rejectionאביי: everyone agrees the doubt makes it טבל
  5. Rejectionרבי אליעזר: עמי הארץ are not suspected about מעשר עני
  6. Rejectionחכמים: people do not give up their property, so עמי הארץ are suspected
  7. Resolutionרבא: Tithe given out in the house counts as benefit
  8. Resolutionרבא: Tithe left at the threshing floor is not benefit
  9. ProofThe משנה implies the right to choose is not money
  10. ChallengeThe end of the משנה implies the opposite
  11. Resolutionרב הושעיא: the two halves follow two different תנאים
  12. ProofA ברייתא: how much does a thief pay for stolen טבל?
  13. QuestionIs their argument about טובת הנאה?