Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 102b

פסחים ק״ב ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 102b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 102b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Using one cup of wine for two separate מצוות: the rule that we do not do מצות חבילות חבילות

Overview

This amud opens with רבי יוסי's ruling that after a meal that ran into שבת, one cup is used for ברכת המזון and a second cup for קידוש. The גמרא asks why one cup is not enough. רב ששת answers that two קדושות are not said over one cup, and רב נחמן בר יצחק explains that we do not do מצוות in bundles (חבילות חבילות). The גמרא first challenges this from a ברייתא where one cup serves both ברכת המזון and הבדלה, and answers that a person with only one cup is different. It then challenges from רב's order יקנ"ה for a יום טוב that falls on מוצאי שבת. It answers that since רב left out זמן, he must mean שביעי של פסח, when the wine has run out. That answer falls when אביי and רבא are shown to use one cup even on the first night, when there is plenty of wine. So the גמרא concludes that קידוש and הבדלה are one matter and may share a cup, while ברכת המזון and קידוש are two matters and may not. Finally, the גמרא turns to the dispute between רב (יקנ"ה) and שמואל (ינה"ק) about the order of the ברכות, a discussion that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

גָּמְרוּ,

Once they have finished,

כּוֹס רִאשׁוֹן מְבָרֵךְ עָלָיו בִּרְכַּת הַמָּזוֹן

over the first cup one recites Grace after Meals

וְהַשֵּׁנִי אוֹמֵר עָלָיו קְדוּשַּׁת הַיּוֹם.

and over the second he recites the sanctification of the day.

אַמַּאי?

Why?

The steps (12)

  1. StatementTwo cups after the meal: one for ברכת המזון, one for קידוש
  2. ChallengeWhy not use one cup for both?
  3. ResolutionTwo sanctifications are not said over one cup
  4. QuestionWhat is the reason for this rule?
  5. ResponseWe do not do מצוות in bundles
  6. ChallengeChallenge from הבדלה said on the ברכת המזון cup
  7. ResolutionSomeone without a second cup is different
  8. ChallengeChallenge from רב's order of יקנ"ה
  9. Resolutionרב's case must be the seventh day of פסח, when the wine has run out
  10. ChallengeOn the first night of יום טוב there is wine, yet אביי and רבא still use one cup
  11. Resolutionקידוש and הבדלה are one matter; ברכת המזון and קידוש are two
  12. StatementThe original dispute: רב says יקנ"ה, שמואל says ינה"ק