Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 22b

פסחים כ״ב ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 22b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 22b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Whether 'לא יאכל' and 'לא תאכל' forbid benefit: the היקשים of blood and אבר מן החי, and the challenges from שור הנסקל and ערלה

Overview

Earlier on the daf, רבי אבהו holds that the Torah's eating prohibitions forbid benefit (הנאה) too, unless the Torah says otherwise. חזקיה agrees about the passive form 'לא יאכל', but he holds that the active 'לא תאכל' forbids only eating. The גמרא first asks what חזקיה learns from the comparison of blood to water. It answers that only blood poured out like water makes food מוכשר to become טמא, so the blood of קדשים does not. Next, it challenges רבי אבהו from אבר מן החי, which may be fed to dogs. The answer is that אבר מן החי is compared to blood, and for חזקיה the same comparison teaches that דם הקזה is forbidden. The גמרא then challenges the view that 'לא יאכל' includes benefit, using שור הנסקל and ערלה, where ברייתות bring extra verses to forbid benefit. It answers that those verses come for the hide, and for the word 'לכם'. Along the way it explains the תנאים who expound 'את' and those who do not, including the story of שמעון העמסוני and רבי עקיבא. The amud ends as a ברייתא begins to explain what 'לכם' includes, and that ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וּלְחִזְקִיָּה,

And according to Chizkiya,

לְמַאי הִלְכְתָא אִיתַּקַּשׁ דָּם לְמַיִם?

for what law was blood compared to water?

לְכִדְרַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא,

For the teaching of Rabbi Chiyya bar Abba,

דְּאָמַר רַבִּי חִיָּיא בַּר אַבָּא

as Rabbi Chiyya bar Abba said

The steps (27)

  1. QuestionWhat does חזקיה learn from blood being compared to water?
  2. ResponseSacrificial blood does not make food able to become impure
  3. ChallengeA limb from a living animal may be given to dogs
  4. ResolutionA limb from a living animal is compared to blood
  5. QuestionWhat does חזקיה learn from the limb being compared to blood?
  6. ResponseBlood from a living animal is forbidden
  7. ChallengeOpening the challenge: the stoned ox and the ברייתא about 'לא יאכל'
  8. ProofThe ברייתא learns the benefit prohibition from a separate phrase
  9. QuestionHow does 'clear' mean no benefit?
  10. Responseשמעון בן זומא: 'clear of his property' means no benefit at all
  11. ChallengeThe punch: 'לא יאכל' alone seems to mean only eating
  12. ResolutionAnswer: 'לא יאכל' covers both, and 'נקי' adds the hide
  13. ResolutionWhy the hide needed its own verse: the Torah said 'its flesh'
  14. QuestionWhere do the other תנאים learn the hide prohibition?
  15. ResponseThey learn it from the word 'את' in 'את בשרו'
  16. QuestionWhat does the other תנא do with 'את'?
  17. ResponseHe does not expound the word 'את'
  18. Proofשמעון העמסוני stopped expounding 'את'
  19. QuestionThe students ask about his earlier teachings
  20. ResponseReward for expounding and reward for stopping
  21. Statementרבי עקיבא: 'את' includes Torah scholars
  22. ChallengeChallenge from ערלה: the ברייתא needs an extra verse for benefit
  23. ChallengeWithout the extra words, benefit from ערלה would not be forbidden
  24. Resolution'לא יאכל' really means both, but ערלה has the word 'לכם'
  25. ResolutionWhy the extra words were needed: 'לכם' could mean 'it is yours'
  26. QuestionThen what does 'לכם' teach?
  27. Response'לכם' includes trees planted for others