Pesachim 27b

פסחים כ״ז ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 27b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 27b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Bread baked with forbidden or הקדש wood, and רבי יהודה's proofs that חמץ must be burned

Overview

The גמרא infers that the רבנן permit bread baked with ערלה wood even when the flame was right next to the bread. It then asks when such wood is ever forbidden for them, and answers: when one uses the wood itself, such as a stool. רמי בר חמא asks רב חסדא about bread baked with הקדש wood, and רב חסדא forbids it. רבא explains why this differs from ערלה: הקדש is never nullified. רבא then raises a stronger difficulty. The person who heated the oven committed מעילה, which should make the wood חולין. רב פפא answers that the case is שלמים wood, following רבי יהודה, so the wood stays holy. The גמרא also challenges the idea that מעילה makes הקדש into חולין, using a ברייתא about holy ash. רמי בר חמא and רב שמעיה each answer that challenge. Finally the גמרא turns to רבי יהודה's view in the משנה that חמץ must be burned. It follows his proofs from נותר and the חכמים' counter-examples, and this debate continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. QuestionInference: the רבנן permit even when the flame faces the bread
2. ChallengeWhen would wood ever be forbidden for the רבנן?
3. ResolutionUsing the wood itself, such as a stool
4. Questionרמי בר חמא asks about an oven heated with הקדש wood
5. Responseרב חסדא: the bread is forbidden
6. ChallengeHow is this different from ערלה?
7. Rejectionרבא rejects the comparison: הקדש is never nullified
8. Challengeרבא's real difficulty: מעילה turns the wood into חולין
9. Resolutionרב פפא: שלמים wood, following רבי יהודה
10. ResolutionWhy intentional misuse and שלמים wood never become חולין
11. ChallengeDoes misuse really make the wood non-holy? A ברייתא says holy ash is always forbidden
12. Resolutionרמי בר חמא: the ברייתא is about a fire that started by itself
13. Resolutionרב שמעיה: the ברייתא is about holy ash that must be buried
14. StatementBack to the משנה: רבי יהודה says חמץ must be burned
15. Proofרבי יהודה's קל וחומר from נותר
16. RejectionThe חכמים reject the קל וחומר because it ends up lenient
17. Proofרבי יהודה compares חמץ to נותר because both are forbidden to eat
18. RejectionThe חכמים point to נבילה, which is forbidden to eat but not burned
19. Proofרבי יהודה adds that both are also forbidden for benefit
20. RejectionThe חכמים point to שור הנסקל, which is forbidden to eat and for benefit but not burned
21. Proofרבי יהודה adds that both also carry the punishment of כרת
22. RejectionThe חכמים point to the חלב of a שור הנסקל, which has all three features but is not burned