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Pesachim 28a

פסחים כ״ח ע״א

Learn Pesachim 28a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The end of the debate on destroying חמץ (רבי יהודה's refuted proof and whether crumbling is needed), and the new משנה about חמץ kept over פסח

Overview

This עמוד finishes the debate about how to destroy חמץ and then begins a new משנה. רבי יהודה tries a second proof that חמץ must be burned: חמץ and נותר both fall under 'בל תותירו', so חמץ should be burned like נותר. The חכמים refute him from his own view, since he holds that אשם תלוי and חטאת העוף הבא על הספק, which are also under 'בל תותירו', are buried. רבי יהודה is silent, and רב יוסף, אביי and רבא each give a folk saying about being defeated by your own handiwork. The גמרא then asks whether the חכמים require crumbling חמץ before throwing it into the sea, and notes the same question about grinding an idol. רבה and רב יוסף reason in opposite directions, each is backed by one ברייתא and challenged by the other, and the גמרא answers both challenges by splitting the cases. Next comes a new משנה: a גוי's חמץ that was kept over פסח is permitted for benefit, but a Jew's is forbidden. The גמרא asks who wrote this משנה and begins quoting a ברייתא with the views of רבי יהודה, רבי שמעון and רבי יוסי הגלילי, a discussion that continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

חָזַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה וְדָנוֹ דִּין אַחֵר:

Rabbi Yehuda came back and argued a different line of reasoning:

נוֹתָר יֶשְׁנוֹ בְּ״בַל תּוֹתִירוּ״,

Leftover sacrificial meat is included in 'Do not leave over,'

וְחָמֵץ בְּ״בַל תּוֹתִירוּ״.

and leavened bread is included in 'Do not leave over.'

מָה נוֹתָר בִּשְׂרֵיפָה —

Just as leftover meat is destroyed by burning,

The steps (18)

  1. Proofרבי יהודה offers a new proof from leftover sacrificial meat
  2. RejectionThe Sages refute him using doubtful offerings
  3. Conclusionרבי יהודה has no reply
  4. Statementרב יוסף: the carpenter is burned by his own spoon
  5. Statementאביי: the maker of the stocks sits in them
  6. Statementרבא's proverb: shot by his own arrows
  7. QuestionDoes throwing חמץ into the sea require crumbling?
  8. QuestionThe same question about destroying an idol
  9. Responseרבה: the idol needs no grinding, but חמץ needs crumbling
  10. Rejectionרב יוסף: the opposite makes more sense
  11. ProofA ברייתא supporting רבה: חמץ is crumbled even for the sea
  12. ProofA ברייתא supporting רב יוסף: an idol is ground even for the sea
  13. ChallengeEach side faces a difficult ברייתא
  14. Resolutionרבה's answer: different bodies of water
  15. Resolutionרב יוסף's answer: wheat versus bread
  16. StatementNew משנה: חמץ that was owned during פסח
  17. QuestionWho wrote this משנה?
  18. ResponseThe ברייתא: רבי יהודה's view