Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 28b

פסחים כ״ח ע״ב

Learn Pesachim 28b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 28b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The time limits of the חמץ prohibitions, the sources for the מצה obligation, and whose view the משנה follows

Overview

This עמוד finishes a ברייתא about when the איסור חמץ applies. רבי שמעון says there is a Torah prohibition only during פסח, while the clause forbidding הנאה reflects the תנא קמא (רבי יהודה). רבי יוסי הגלילי is amazed that anyone forbids benefit from חמץ at all. A second ברייתא records a dispute. רבי יהודה learns from 'לא תאכל עליו חמץ' that eating חמץ from midday on ערב פסח breaks a לאו. רבי שמעון ties the חמץ ban to the time of the מצוה of eating מצה. The גמרא then shows how each תנא uses the three פסוקים about חמץ, and where each one learns that מצה is a חובה even nowadays. It also shows how each learns that a טמא or a traveler must still eat מצה and מרור. Finally, the גמרא asks whose view our משנה follows and rules out רבי יהודה. It begins to test רבי שמעון, which continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

רַבִּי שִׁמְעוֹן אוֹמֵר:

Rabbi Shimon says:

חָמֵץ לִפְנֵי זְמַנּוֹ וּלְאַחַר זְמַנּוֹ —

Chametz before its time and after its time,

אֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר עָלָיו בְּלֹא כְּלוּם.

one does not transgress anything with it.

תּוֹךְ זְמַנּוֹ —

During its time,

The steps (28)

  1. Statementרבי שמעון: no Torah prohibition on חמץ before or after פסח
  2. ResolutionThe clause about benefit belongs to the תנא קמא
  3. Statementרבי יוסי הגלילי is amazed that benefit is forbidden
  4. Statementרבי יהודה: eating חמץ from midday breaks a לאו
  5. Challengeרבי שמעון challenges רבי יהודה from the rest of the verse
  6. Statementרבי שמעון: the לאו of חמץ is tied to the מצוה of מצה
  7. QuestionWhat is רבי יהודה's reason?
  8. ResponseThree verses for three time periods
  9. ResponseHow רבי שמעון uses the three פסוקים
  10. Responseרבי שמעון's third פסוק: פסח מצרים had only one day of חמץ
  11. QuestionWhere does רבי יהודה learn about leavening by another substance?
  12. Responseרבי יהודה learns it from the word 'מחמצת' itself
  13. QuestionWhere does רבי יהודה get רבי יוסי הגלילי's teaching?
  14. ResponseFirst answer: from the nearby word 'היום'
  15. ResponseSecond answer: רבי יהודה does not learn from סמוכין
  16. Statementרבי יהודה: eating חמץ after six hours is a לאו
  17. Challengeרבי שמעון objects: the פסוק links עליו to the seven days
  18. ChallengeIsn't רבי שמעון right?
  19. ResolutionThe link makes מצה an obligation even nowadays
  20. QuestionWhere does רבי שמעון learn the מצה obligation nowadays?
  21. Responseרבי שמעון learns it from בערב תאכלו
  22. Responseרבי יהודה uses בערב תאכלו for the טמא and the traveler
  23. Responseרבי שמעון: no פסוק is needed for the טמא and traveler
  24. ProofProof from 'בו': the ערל still eats מצה and מרור
  25. Resolutionרבי יהודה: the Torah wrote it in both places
  26. QuestionWhose opinion is our משנה?
  27. ChallengeThe משנה cannot follow רבי יהודה
  28. ChallengeTurning to test רבי שמעון