Pesachim 29a
פסחים כ״ט ע״א
Learn Pesachim 29a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.
Open Pesachim 29a in Gemara Clarity
Topic
Who is the תנא of the משנה on a גוי's versus a ישראל's חמץ after פסח, and the ברייתא of מעילה with consecrated חמץ that led רב אחא בר יעקב to retract
Overview
The משנה rules that חמץ owned by a גוי during פסח is permitted for benefit afterward, while a ישראל's חמץ is forbidden. The גמרא asks which תנא this fits, since רבי יהודה, רבי שמעון and רבי יוסי הגלילי each seem not to match. רב אחא בר יעקב says it is רבי יהודה, who learns from the word שאור that the eating ban, like בל יראה, covers only your own חמץ. He explains that the משנה's narrow wording just mirrors the ישראל clause. רבא says it is רבי שמעון, and that the ban on a ישראל's חמץ is a rabbinic קנס for violating בל יראה and בל ימצא. The verse the משנה quotes seems to fit only רבא, but the גמרא shows it also fits רב אחא בר יעקב, because the verse explains the first clause. The two אמוראים are consistent with their dispute about whether one who eats a גוי's שאור after פסח gets מלקות according to רבי יהודה. רב אחא בר יעקב later retracted because of a ברייתא about eating חמץ של הקדש during פסח, which רבי יוחנן and רב יוסף each explain in their own way. The amud ends as רב אחא בר רבא's version of the teaching begins; it continues on the next amud.
Opening lines
דְּיִשְׂרָאֵל נָמֵי מִישְׁרֵא קָא שָׁרֵי!
[If it is Rabbi Shimon] — even a Jew's [chametz] he permits!
וְאִי רַבִּי יוֹסֵי הַגְּלִילִי —
And if it is Rabbi Yosei HaGelili —
אֲפִילּוּ תּוֹךְ זְמַנּוֹ
even during its time [Pesach]
נָמֵי מִישְׁרֵא קָא שָׁרֵי בַּהֲנָאָה.
he also permits it for benefit.
The steps (16)
- ChallengeThe משנה Fits Neither רבי שמעון Nor רבי יוסי הגלילי
- Resolutionרב אחא בר יעקב: It Is רבי יהודה, Using a Comparison of the Word שאור
- ResolutionWhy the משנה Says Only 'Benefit' and Not 'Eating'
- ResolutionWhy the משנה Says 'After פסח' and Not 'During'
- Resolutionרבא: It Is רבי שמעון, With a Rabbinic Penalty
- ChallengeWhy does the משנה quote 'It shall not be seen' according to רב אחא בר יעקב?
- ResolutionThe verse supports the first clause, about a גוי's חמץ
- Statementרבא and רב אחא בר יעקב argue the same way elsewhere
- ConclusionEach side's reasoning: does רבי יהודה link eating to seeing?
- Proofרב אחא בר יעקב retracts, based on a ברייתא about consecrated חמץ
- QuestionWho is the 'some say' opinion?
- Responseרבי יוחנן identifies the opinion as רבי נחוניא בן הקנה
- Proofרבי נחוניא treats יום הכפורים like שבת for exemption from payment
- Rejectionרב יוסף: the dispute is about redeeming holy items to feed dogs
- RejectionEach side of the ברייתא explained by redeeming קדשים for dogs
- Statementרב אחא בר רבא's version is introduced