Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 63a

פסחים ס״ג ע״א

Learn Pesachim 63a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 63a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

The view of אחרים on slaughtering the פסח for מולים and ערלים, explained by רבה and then by אביי, and a new משנה on slaughtering a קרבן while owning חמץ.

Overview

The amud opens by explaining the view of אחרים, who are רבי מאיר. When someone slaughters the פסח for both מולים and ערלים, אחרים say the result depends on which group he mentioned first. The גמרא first suggests that שחיטה counts only at its end and that the first words spoken decide, following רבא. רבה rejects this. He says the case is about someone who meant both groups but only managed to say 'ערלים', so the dispute is about פיו ולבו שוים, whether mouth and heart must match. The גמרא challenges רבה from a סתם משנה in תרומות, which follows רבי מאיר and requires mouth and heart to match. אביי therefore explains the case differently: the slaughterer divided his intentions between the two סימנים. Seen this way, the dispute matches the known מחלוקת about whether a קרבן can become פיגול through חצי מתיר. A new משנה then teaches the לאו against slaughtering a קרבן while owning חמץ, including רבי שמעון's rule that one is חייב only when the קרבן is valid. The גמרא begins with ריש לקיש's ruling about whose חמץ counts, and his statement continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

לֵימָא קָסָבְרִי אֲחֵרִים

Let us say that Acherim hold

אֵינָהּ לִשְׁחִיטָה אֶלָּא בַּסּוֹף,

that slaughter does not count except at the end,

וְכִדְרָבָא.

and in line with Rava.

דְּאָמַר רָבָא:

For Rava said:

The steps (11)

  1. StatementA proposed reason for the view of אחרים
  2. ConclusionThe result: whichever group is mentioned first takes effect
  3. Rejectionרבה rejects the suggestion and redefines the case
  4. StatementThe real dispute: must mouth and heart match
  5. ChallengeDoes רבי מאיר really not require mouth and heart to match
  6. ChallengeThe משנה in תרומות that requires mouth and heart to match
  7. Resolutionאביי explains the two cases as two separate cuts
  8. ResolutionThe dispute depends on disqualifying with half the slaughter
  9. StatementNew משנה: slaughtering a sacrifice while owning leaven on the fourteenth
  10. Statementרבי שמעון's rulings for the festival days themselves
  11. StatementThe חמץ must belong to the slaughterer or the sprinkler