Pesachim 77a

פסחים ע״ז ע״א

Learn Pesachim 77a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Sources that קרבנות ציבור override שבת and טומאה, and whether the משנה fits רבי יהושע's view that blood and meat depend on each other

Overview

The גמרא explains why the משנה lists the goats of ראש חודש: we might have thought ראש חודש is not a מועד, and אביי's פסוק from איכה shows that it is. A ברייתא then gives the sources that קרבנות ציבור override שבת and טומאה. The source for the תמיד and the פסח is במועדו. The source for the other קרבנות ציבור is ״אלה תעשו לה׳ במועדיכם״. The source for the עומר and the שתי הלחם is ״וידבר משה את מעדי ה׳״. A צריכותא shows that each source is needed, because each offering has a feature the others lack. Next the גמרא sets out two assumptions. The first is that טומאה is only דחויה בציבור, so the ציץ is needed; only רבי יהודה holds הותרה. The second is that the ציץ does not make the impure eaten portions count as accepted within the offering; only רבי אליעזר disagrees, and even he does not permit eating the impure meat. On that basis it suggests that our משנה does not follow רבי יהושע, who holds that blood and meat depend on each other, against רבי אליעזר, who holds that blood alone is enough.

Opening lines

The steps (27)

1. ResponseWhy the משנה needed to list the ראש חודש goats
2. Proofאביי's verse shows ראש חודש is called a מועד
3. QuestionWhere do we learn that everything depends on מועד?
4. ResponseThe ברייתא: תמיד and פסח override because of 'in its appointed time'
5. ProofExtending the rule to all other communal offerings
6. ProofIncluding the עומר and the שתי הלחם from the פסוק of מעדי ה׳
7. ChallengeWhy are all these sources needed?
8. ResolutionWhy we could not learn the פסח from the תמיד
9. ResolutionWhy we could not learn the תמיד from the פסח
10. ResolutionWhy the other communal offerings need their own source
11. ResolutionThe general verse alone would not cover the עומר and שתי הלחם
12. ResolutionThe עומר and שתי הלחם alone would not cover the other offerings
13. StatementInitial assumption: impurity is only pushed aside for the community
14. StatementOnly רבי יהודה is known to hold that impurity is fully permitted
15. ProofThe ברייתא: does the frontplate work only when worn?
16. Proofרבי שמעון proves his view from the כהן גדול on יום הכיפורים
17. Rejectionרבי יהודה rejects the יום הכיפורים proof
18. ConclusionSo רבי שמעון holds impurity is only set aside for the community
19. StatementSecond assumption: the ציץ does not cover the eaten parts
20. StatementOnly רבי אליעזר disagrees
21. ProofThe ברייתא: רבי אליעזר versus רבי יוסי
22. ChallengeSuggestion: our משנה does not follow רבי יהושע
23. Proofרבי יהושע: blood and meat depend on each other
24. Proofרבי אליעזר: Blood works even without meat
25. StatementA small gap between the ramp and the altar
26. ChallengeHow does רבי יהושע handle the blood verse?
27. ResolutionThe same verse also says: eat the meat