Pesachim 84a

פסחים פ״ד ע״א

Learn Pesachim 84a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 84a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Burning נותר on יום טוב, which soft parts of the קרבן פסח count as meat, and lashes for breaking a bone of the פסח

Overview

This amud begins by finishing the discussion of why leftover meat of the קרבן פסח (נותר) is not burned on יום טוב. רב אשי explains that יום טוב has both an עשה and a לא תעשה, and the single עשה of burning cannot override both. Then a new משנה teaches which soft parts of the קרבן פסח count as edible meat. רבה finds a contradiction inside the משנה and solves it by splitting it between two תנאים. רבא instead reads it as one rule: what boiling makes edible in a grown ox, roasting makes edible in a young kid. A ברייתא supports רבא. רבי יוחנן and ריש לקיש then argue about sinews that will later harden, which turns on whether we judge by the present or by the end. רבי יוחנן is shown to have retracted and agreed with ריש לקיש. A second משנה rules that breaking a bone of a pure פסח earns forty lashes, while leaving over meat or breaking a bone of an impure פסח does not. The גמרא gives the sources for both exemptions and brings a dispute between the תנא קמא and רבי about how to derive the bone rule. רבי ירמיה starts to explain the practical difference, a פסח brought in טומאה, and his explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (22)

1. StatementA Delayed ברית מילה Does Not Override יום טוב
2. Statementרב אשי's Reason: יום טוב Has Both a Positive and a Negative Command
3. StatementNew משנה: What Counts as Edible in the קרבן פסח
4. Challengeרבה Finds a Contradiction Between the Two Clauses of the משנה
5. Resolutionרבה resolves the contradiction by splitting the משנה into two opinions
6. Resolutionרבא reads the second clause as a list explaining the first
7. ProofA ברייתא supports רבא and adds that soft sinews count as meat
8. StatementDispute over sinews that are soft now but will harden later
9. StatementThe reasoning: present state versus final state
10. Challengeריש לקיש challenges רבי יוחנן from the ברייתא's list
11. Resolutionרבי יוחנן: the list is only examples, and sinews share the same reason
12. Challengeרבי ירמיה points out a contradiction in רבי יוחנן's views
13. Resolutionרבי אבהו: רבי יוחנן retracted and agreed with ריש לקיש
14. StatementNew משנה: lashes for breaking a bone of a pure פסח
15. ProofWhy leaving over a pure פסח gets no lashes: רבי יהודה's reason
16. Statementרבי יעקב's different reason: no action was done
17. QuestionWhat is the source for no lashes when breaking a bone of an impure פסח?
18. ResponseThe word 'in it' limits the prohibition to a valid פסח
19. StatementA ברייתא records the 'in it' derivation
20. Statementרבי: the prohibition applies to whatever is fit for eating
21. QuestionWhat is the practical difference between the two derivations?
22. Responseרבי ירמיה: the difference is a פסח brought in impurity