Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 85a

פסחים פ״ה ע״א

Learn Pesachim 85a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Pesachim 85a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

שבירת עצם in the קרבן פסח, and the rabbinic decree of טומאה on פיגול, נותר, and יוצא

Overview

The amud opens by explaining that the איסור of breaking a bone of the קרבן פסח covers a bone with a כזית of marrow inside, even with no meat outside. A ברייתא proves this from the extra פסוק about פסח שני, so the עשה of eating does not override the לא תעשה. The גמרא then challenges this from the משנה about a limb that partly went out of its permitted area. אביי and רבינא answer the challenge. Next the גמרא quotes a משנה that פיגול and נותר make the hands טמא by rabbinic decree. It gives the reasons for the decree (suspected priests and lazy priests) and its minimum size (a כזית or a כביצה). It then asks whether the רבנן also decreed טומאה on meat that went out of its area (יוצא). Proofs from the limb משנה and from a ברייתא about moving פסח meat between groups are both pushed aside. The גמרא concludes that for פסח there is clearly no decree, because the group is careful, but for other קדשים the question ends in תיקו. The amud closes by starting a new question about the source for the איסור of carrying פסח meat out of its group, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

לָא, הָכִי קָאָמַר:

No, this is what it is saying:

אֶחָד עֶצֶם שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו

Both a bone that has on it

כְּזַיִת בָּשָׂר מִבַּחוּץ,

an olive-bulk of meat on the outside,

וְאֶחָד עֶצֶם שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו

and a bone that does not have on it

The steps (26)

  1. ResolutionReinterpreting the earlier ברייתא: meat outside or marrow inside
  2. ProofA ברייתא: the איסור covers bones with or without marrow
  3. ChallengeThe ברייתא's counter-suggestion: maybe the עשה overrides the איסור
  4. ProofThe extra פסוק in פסח שני proves bones with marrow are included
  5. ChallengeA משנה about a limb that partly left its permitted area
  6. ChallengeWhy peel all the way to the joint?
  7. Resolutionאביי: the bone might crack too far
  8. Resolutionרבינא: the משנה is about a thigh bone
  9. StatementA משנה: פיגול and נותר make the hands טמא
  10. StatementTwo reasons for the decree: suspected priests or lazy priests
  11. ResolutionThe two reasons are about two different items
  12. StatementOlive-size or egg-size: the minimum amount for the decree
  13. QuestionDid the rabbis make meat that left its area impure?
  14. ProofA limb that partly went out: cut it off at the joint
  15. ProofIf it were impure, cutting it off would not help
  16. RejectionThe touching is hidden, so it passes on no impurity
  17. ChallengeFor רבינא, the pieces really do touch
  18. ResolutionThe part that went out was too small
  19. ProofA ברייתא about moving פסח meat between groups
  20. ProofPure but forbidden, so no impurity decree
  21. RejectionMoving between groups does not disqualify
  22. ChallengeThe end of the ברייתא says eating the moved meat breaks a prohibition
  23. ChallengeThe proof can be answered for the כביצה view but not for the כזית view
  24. ResolutionFor פסח meat, the רבנן obviously made no decree
  25. ConclusionThe real question is about other sacrifices, and it stays unresolved
  26. QuestionOpening a new question about carrying פסח meat out