Gemara Clarity

Pesachim 90a

פסחים צ׳ ע״א

Learn Pesachim 90a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Ownership rights in a קרבן פסח according to רבי, and slaughtering the פסח for people finishing their purification

Overview

The amud opens with אביי. He says that if not for רבי אושעיא, he would have explained the אתנן משנה as being about קדשים קלים, following רבי יוסי הגלילי. In that reading, רבי holds that a person keeps rights only in money set aside for a פסח, not in the animal itself. The money ברייתא from the previous amud must be רבי's and not רבי יוסי הגלילי's, since it also says that selling an עולה or שלמים does nothing. אביי's own reading is not rejected; he defers to רבי אושעיא's established reading: according to רבי, a person keeps some rights even in his פסח animal. The גמרא then quotes the משנה about consecrated animals and birds given as אתנן, along with the two קל וחומר arguments answered by the words 'לכל נדר'. It asks why a פסוק was needed, since a person cannot forbid what is not his. רבי אושעיא answers that the case is registering a זונה on one's פסח, following רבי. Next comes רבי's ברייתא, which says Jews consecrate their פסח on condition that they may register others for money. רבה and רבי זירא then argue about what that money may be spent on. The גמרא also defends אביי by re-reading the condition as applying to the money. Finally, a new משנה rules on when the פסח may be slaughtered for a זב, a זבה, and a שומרת יום כנגד יום, and רב adds that we slaughter for a טבול יום and a מחוסר כפורים.

Opening lines

אָמַר אַבָּיֵי:

Abaye said:

אִי לָאו דְּאוֹקְמֵיהּ רַבִּי אוֹשַׁעְיָא לְהַהִיא

If not that Rabbi Oshaya established that [Mishnah]

בִּמְמַנֶּה זוֹנָה עַל פִּסְחוֹ

as a case of one who registers a prostitute on his Paschal lamb

וְרַבִּי הִיא,

and that it follows Rabbi [Yehuda HaNasi],

The steps (28)

  1. Statementאביי offers a different way to explain the prostitute-payment משנה
  2. StatementA person holds nothing back on his פסח animal but does on פסח money
  3. StatementApplying the split to the ברייתא: the money in his hand is non-holy
  4. Statementאביי would not attribute the prostitute-payment משנה to רבי
  5. RejectionThe ברייתא cannot follow רבי יוסי
  6. ConclusionAccording to רבי, a person keeps some rights even in his פסח
  7. QuestionWhat is רבי אושעיא's teaching?
  8. ResponseThe משנה about consecrated animals and birds given as a זונה's payment
  9. ChallengeThe קל וחומר that birds should be exempt from אתנן
  10. ProofThe פסוק 'for any vow' includes birds
  11. ChallengeA reverse argument that consecrated animals should become forbidden
  12. ProofThe word 'vow' excludes animals that were already vowed
  13. ChallengeWhy was a verse needed? A person cannot forbid what is not his
  14. ResolutionThe case is giving a זונה a share in one's פסח, following רבי
  15. QuestionWhich teaching of רבי is meant?
  16. ResponseA poor man may support himself from his פסח
  17. Responseרבי allows selling shares even for other purchases
  18. StatementFirst view: everyone allows wood, the argument is about מצה and מרור
  19. StatementReasoning of the first view: separate eating or part of the פסח
  20. StatementSecond view: everyone allows מצה and מרור, the argument is about clothing
  21. StatementReasoning of the second view: two readings of מהיות משה
  22. StatementRecalling אביי's view that a פסח is fully consecrated
  23. Challengeרבי's own words seem to say the פסח is not fully consecrated
  24. ResolutionChanging the wording: the condition was on the money, not the animal
  25. StatementSlaughtering the פסח for a זב who is finishing his purification
  26. StatementSlaughtering the פסח for a שומרת יום כנגד יום
  27. StatementA זבה gets her קרבן פסח on the eighth day
  28. Statementרב: we may slaughter for a טבול יום and for a מחוסר כפורים