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Shabbos 106b

שבת ק״ו ע״ב

Shabbat 106b

Learn Shabbos 106b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 106b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

צידה on שבת and יום טוב: when an animal counts as already trapped (enclosures, weakened or swarming creatures), and who is liable when several people trap together.

Overview

This amud opens at the end of the משנה. חכמים rule that driving a deer into a garden, courtyard, or ביבר counts as trapping. רבן שמעון בן גמליאל says it depends on whether the animal still needs more catching (מחוסר צידה). The גמרא then contrasts a משנה in ביצה, which lets one take animals and birds from a ביבר on יום טוב, with a ברייתא that forbids it. For birds, the difference is a roofed versus an unroofed ביבר. A challenge from the house case is answered by רבה בר רב הונא: that case is about a צפור דרור, which is never controlled. Following the same method, the animal contradiction is solved by a large versus a small ביבר, and רב אשי gives tests for what counts as small. Next, שמואל rules like רבן שמעון בן גמליאל, and אביי teaches that learning means understanding, not just reciting. ברייתות then cover weakened deer and insects, all judged by whether the creature can still escape. The amud ends with משניות about locking a deer in a house and blocking a doorway, where only the person who completes the trapping is liable.

Opening lines

וּצְבִי לַגִּינָּה וְלֶחָצֵר

And a deer into a garden, or into a courtyard,

וְלַבֵּיבָרִין — [חַיָּיב].

or into enclosures — he is liable.

רַבָּן שִׁמְעוֹן בֶּן גַּמְלִיאֵל אוֹמֵר:

Rabban Shimon ben Gamliel says:

לֹא כָּל הַבֵּיבָרִין שָׁוִין.

Not all enclosures are equal.

The steps (31)

  1. Statementחכמים: trapping a deer into a garden, courtyard, or enclosure makes one liable
  2. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: not all enclosures are the same
  3. StatementThe משנה in ביצה: animals and birds may be taken from enclosures on יום טוב, fish may not
  4. ChallengeA ברייתא contradicts the משנה about animals and birds
  5. ResolutionThe animal contradiction is solved: רבי יהודה vs. רבנן
  6. ChallengeBut the bird contradiction remains difficult
  7. ResolutionSuggested answer: a roofed vs. an unroofed enclosure
  8. RejectionRejected: a house is roofed, yet a bird there is still not trapped
  9. ResolutionThe משנה's bird is a free bird that cannot be controlled
  10. ProofWhy it is called a free bird
  11. ResolutionAnimals too: a large enclosure versus a small one
  12. QuestionWhat counts as large and what counts as small?
  13. Responseרב אשי's three tests for a small enclosure
  14. StatementThe הלכה follows רבן שמעון בן גמליאל
  15. Questionאביי asks whether רבנן really disagree
  16. Challengeרב יוסף asks what difference it makes
  17. ResolutionLearning is not just reciting a song
  18. StatementTrapping a blind, sleeping, lame, old, or sick deer
  19. Questionאביי asks what the difference is
  20. ResponseSome can still run away, others cannot
  21. ChallengeAnother baraita says a sick deer makes one liable
  22. ResolutionSick with fever versus sick with exhaustion
  23. Statementרבי מאיר and חכמים on trapping insects
  24. StatementLocusts in the dew versus in the heat
  25. QuestionWhich case does אלעזר בן מהבאי refer to?
  26. ResponseSwarming exempts even in the heat
  27. Statementמשנה: locking a deer inside a house
  28. Statementשמואל: a lion is trapped only in its cage
  29. Statementמשנה: the second person completes the blocking of the doorway
  30. Statementמשנה: the first person already trapped the deer
  31. StatementThe comparison: locking a house with a deer already inside