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Shabbos 131a

שבת קל״א ע״א

Shabbat 131a

Learn Shabbos 131a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 131a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Finishing רבי שמעון's view on carrying in a מבוי, then רבי יוחנן's limit on רבי אליעזר's rule that מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת

Overview

This עמוד begins in the middle of a sentence. The גמרא is explaining why, according to רבי שמעון, one may carry in a certain מבוי. The first explanation is that a real מבוי needs both בתים and חצרות. That explanation is challenged, defended twice, and rejected twice. רב אשי then gives a new reason: the houses are what make the courtyards forbidden, and here the houses effectively drop out. A new topic follows. רבי יוחנן says that רבי אליעזר did not apply 'מכשירי מצוה דוחין את השבת' to every מצוה, since even שתי הלחם needed a גזירה שוה from the עומר. The גמרא shows that this גזירה שוה is מופנה on both sides. It then asks which מצוות are excluded. לולב, סוכה, מצה and שופר are all ruled out, and רב אדא בר אהבה answers: ציצית and מזוזה. רב יוסף explains that these have no fixed time, and אביי begins to challenge him. His challenge continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

בָּתִּים וַחֲצֵרוֹת פְּתוּחִין לְתוֹכוֹ,

houses and courtyards open into it,

וְהָכָא בָּתִּים — אִיכָּא,

and here, houses — there are,

חֲצֵרוֹת — לֵיכָּא.

courtyards — there are not.

כִּי לֹא עֵירְבוּ נָמֵי,

When they did not make an עירוב too,

The steps (24)

  1. ResponseA real alleyway needs both houses and courtyards
  2. ChallengeThen even without an עירוב, the alleyway should be missing houses
  3. ResolutionThe houses can still be used by giving rights to one person
  4. RejectionThat leaves only one house, not houses
  5. ResolutionGive the rights to two people at different times of day
  6. RejectionAt any moment only one house is usable
  7. Resolutionרב אשי: houses cause the prohibition, and here there are none
  8. Statementרבי אליעזר's rule does not apply to every מצוה
  9. ProofProof: even the two loaves needed a special derivation
  10. ProofThe ברייתא: the two loaves learned from the עומר
  11. StatementThe matching words must be extra, or the comparison can be refuted
  12. ProofProof that the word by the עומר is extra
  13. ChallengeOnly one side is extra, and רבי אליעזר allows refuting that
  14. ResolutionThe word is extra by שתי הלחם too
  15. QuestionWhich מצוות did רבי יוחנן mean to exclude?
  16. RejectionNot לולב, since a ברייתא includes it
  17. RejectionNot סוכה either
  18. RejectionNot מצה either
  19. RejectionNot שופר either
  20. Responseציצית and מזוזה are excluded
  21. ProofA ברייתא confirms: everyone agrees one is liable
  22. QuestionWhy do ציצית and מזוזה not override שבת?
  23. ResponseThese מצוות have no fixed time
  24. Challengeאביי begins to turn רב יוסף's reason around