Shabbos 131b

שבת קל״א ע״ב

Shabbat 131b

Learn Shabbos 131b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

רבי אליעזר's sources for why the מכשירין of ציצית and מזוזה do not override שבת, while those of לולב, סוכה, מצה, שופר and מילה do

Overview

The amud opens by rejecting an earlier reason why, for רבי אליעזר, the preparations (מכשירין) of ציצית and מזוזה do not override שבת. The new reason is that a person can always make the garment or house הפקר and avoid the obligation. Next the גמרא goes through a ברייתא in which רבי אליעזר says that the מכשירין of לולב, סוכה, מצה, שופר and מילה override שבת, and it asks for his source for each one. לולב comes from ״ביום״, which means even on שבת. סוכה is learned from לולב through the גזירה שוה ״שבעת ימים״, and מצה is learned from סוכות through ״חמשה עשר״. שופר comes from ״יום תרועה״. Along the way the גמרא shows how the רבנן read the same words as 'by day, not by night,' and where רבי אליעזר learns that daytime rule instead. Each time it asks why the תורה did not write the rule in one place only. The answer is always that each מצוה has a special feature that blocks the comparison: צורך גבוה, four species, night as well as day, applying to women, or the unique power of the שופר. The amud ends as the גמרא begins searching for רבי אליעזר's source for מילה, and that search continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (47)

1. ChallengeEvery moment is the time for these מצוות
2. ResolutionA person can always make the items ownerless
3. Statementרבי אליעזר: לולב and its preparations override שבת
4. QuestionWhat is רבי אליעזר's source?
5. Rejectionעומר and שתי הלחם cannot be the source
6. ResponseThe source is the word 'on the day'
7. QuestionWhat does 'on the day' come to permit?
8. RejectionNot needed just to permit moving the לולב
9. ResponseThe פסוק permits the לולב's preparations
10. QuestionHow do the רבנן read 'on the day'?
11. ResponseBy day, not by night
12. QuestionHow does רבי אליעזר know לולב is only by day?
13. Responseרבי אליעזר learns it from ״ושמחתם... שבעת ימים״
14. ResponseWhy the רבנן still need ״ביום״
15. ChallengeWhy not write it once, with לולב, and learn the rest from it?
16. Resolutionלולב is special: it needs four species
17. StatementQuoting רבי אליעזר: סוכה and its מכשירין override שבת
18. QuestionWhat is רבי אליעזר's source for סוכה?
19. RejectionNot from עומר and שתי הלחם: they are Temple needs
20. RejectionNot from לולב: it needs four species
21. Responseסוכה is learned from לולב through the words 'seven days'
22. ChallengeWhy not write the rule by סוכה and learn everything else from it?
23. Resolutionסוכה is special: it applies at night too
24. Statementרבי אליעזר: מצה and its preparations override שבת
25. QuestionWhat is רבי אליעזר's source for מצה?
26. RejectionNot from עומר and שתי הלחם: they are Temple needs
27. RejectionNot from לולב: it needs four species
28. RejectionNot from סוכה: it applies at night too
29. Responseמצה is learned from סוכות through the word 'fifteenth'
30. ChallengeWhy not write the rule by מצה and learn everything else from it?
31. Resolutionמצה is unique because it applies to women too
32. Statementרבי אליעזר: שופר and its preparations override שבת
33. QuestionWhere does רבי אליעזר learn this for שופר?
34. RejectionNone of the earlier מצוות can be the source for שופר
35. ResponseThe פסוק says 'a day of blowing,' even on שבת
36. ChallengeBlowing the שופר is not forbidden labor anyway
37. ResolutionThe verse is about the preparations
38. QuestionWhat do the רבנן do with this פסוק?
39. ResponseThe רבנן: blow by day, not by night
40. QuestionWhere does רבי אליעזר learn 'day, not night'?
41. ResponseLearned from the יום הכפורים שופר of the יובל year
42. ChallengeWhy not write the rule only for שופר and learn the rest from it?
43. ResolutionThe ראש השנה שופר is unique: it brings ישראל's remembrance before ה׳
44. ResolutionThe יום הכפורים שופר is unique: it frees slaves and returns fields
45. StatementRe-quoting the ברייתא: מילה and its preparations override שבת
46. QuestionWhere does רבי אליעזר learn this?
47. RejectionLearning מילה from all the other מצוות fails