Shabbos 141b

שבת קמ״א ע״ב

Shabbat 141b

Learn Shabbos 141b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 141b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Shoes and leather on שבת; moving a shoe on its last; the new פרק on carrying a child with מוקצה items

Overview

The amud opens with how to scrape a dirty shoe on שבת. רבי אבהו says to use the back of a knife, but an elder rejects this from a ברייתא of רבי חייא that forbids all scraping and gives rules about oil and leather. רב חסדא's comment on rolling on a leather mat is reworded to depend on the amount of oil: enough to polish is allowed, enough to tan is forbidden. A ברייתא then lists shoes one may not wear outside on שבת because they may come off and be carried: a shoe too big for a child, a woman's torn shoe, and a woman's new shoe. בר קפרא adds that the new shoe is allowed if she wore it on ערב שבת. Two ברייתות disagree about sliding a shoe off a shoemaker's last. The גמרא explains this as a dispute between רבי אליעזר and the רבנן, and tests it against the views of אביי and רבא on moving a כלי שמלאכתו לאיסור. After the הדרן for פרק תולין, a new משנה allows lifting a child holding a stone and moving מוקצה together with permitted items. The גמרא examines רבא's ruling about carrying a child with a purse, using the principles חי נושא את עצמו and מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה. It ends by starting a challenge to the answer of the school of רבי ינאי, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (36)

1. QuestionHow may one scrape the shoe?
2. Responseרבי אבהו: with the back of a knife
3. ChallengeAn elder rejects this: רבי חייא forbids all scraping
4. StatementRest of the ברייתא: rules about oil and leather
5. Statementרב חסדא: allowed only for polishing, not tanning
6. ChallengeChallenging רב חסדא's distinction from both sides
7. Resolutionרב חסדא's statement is reworded: it depends on how much oil is used
8. StatementA child may not go out in a shoe that is too big, but may wear a cloak that is too big
9. StatementA woman's torn shoe: not for going out, not to be used for חליצה at the start, but valid after the fact
10. StatementOne may not go out in a new shoe
11. ResponseThe new-shoe rule applies to a woman's shoe
12. Statementבר קפרא limits the new-shoe rule
13. ChallengeTwo ברייתות disagree about removing a shoe from a last
14. ResolutionEach ברייתא follows a different תנא
15. ProofThe משנה about a shoe on a last
16. ChallengeThe רבנן's view fits well with רבא
17. ChallengeHow does the permitting ruling fit אביי?
18. ResolutionThe shoe is sitting loosely on the last
19. Proofרבי יהודה permits a loose shoe
20. ChallengeOnly loose is allowed, which fits אביי well
21. ChallengeWhy does רבא need the shoe to be loose?
22. ResolutionThe 'loose' ruling belongs to רבי אליעזר
23. ProofA ברייתא shows רבי יהודה quoting רבי אליעזר
24. ConclusionHadran: closing פרק תולין
25. StatementNew משנה: moving a permitted thing that carries מוקצה
26. Statementרבי יהודה: one may even lift out the תרומה from a nullified mixture
27. Statementרבא's ruling on carrying a child with a purse around his neck
28. ChallengeWhy is he not also liable for carrying the child?
29. Resolutionרבא follows רבי נתן: a living being carries itself
30. ChallengeShouldn't the purse be secondary to the child, like a bed?
31. ResolutionA bed is secondary to a person, but a purse is not secondary to a child
32. ChallengeWhy is one not liable for carrying the dead child?
33. Resolutionרבא follows רבי שמעון: a labor not needed for its own sake is exempt
34. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה: a father may lift his son holding a stone
35. ResolutionThe school of רבי ינאי: the child longs for his father
36. ChallengeSetting up a challenge to the school of רבי ינאי