Gemara Clarity

Shabbos 143b

שבת קמ״ג ע״ב

Shabbat 143b

Learn Shabbos 143b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shabbos 143b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Juice that seeps from fruit on שבת: רבי יהודה's leniency, mulberries and pomegranates, and the challenge from unwilling milk

Overview

The משנה teaches that from a barrel that breaks on שבת you may save three meals' worth, but you may not soak up the liquid. It forbids squeezing fruit. The תנא קמא also forbids juice that seeps out by itself, while רבי יהודה permits it when the fruit was meant for eating. It ends with honeycombs crushed before שבת, which the תנא קמא forbids and רבי אליעזר permits. The גמרא adds two ברייתות teaching that on שבת you should not act the way you would on a weekday. It then brings several views on whether רבי יהודה's leniency covers olives and grapes, which are normally squeezed. רבי יוחנן rules like רבי יהודה for other fruits but not for olives and grapes. In רבה's version of שמואל, the two sides agree on both kinds of fruit. רב נחמן בר יצחק therefore places their dispute on mulberries and pomegranates, and a ברייתא confirms it. The גמרא then asks how רבי יהודה can forbid fruit brought in with no stated purpose, quoting a משנה about milk that comes out unwillingly. That quoted debate continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מַתְנִי׳ חָבִית שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה

MISHNA: A barrel that broke

מַצִּילִין הֵימֶנָּה מְזוֹן שָׁלֹשׁ סְעוּדוֹת,

one may rescue from it food for three meals,

וְאוֹמֵר לַאֲחֵרִים: בֹּאוּ וְהַצִּילוּ לָכֶם.

and he may say to others: Come and rescue for yourselves.

וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יִסְפּוֹג.

Provided that he does not soak it up.

The steps (17)

  1. StatementSaving food from a broken barrel
  2. StatementSqueezing fruit and juice that seeps out by itself
  3. StatementHoneycombs crushed before שבת
  4. StatementDo not soak up wine or scoop up oil
  5. StatementPicking up scattered fruit in a courtyard
  6. Statementרבי יהודה agrees about olives and grapes
  7. QuestionWhy are olives and grapes different?
  8. ResponseOlives and grapes are made for squeezing
  9. Statementרב says רבי יהודה disagrees even about olives and grapes
  10. Statementרבי יוחנן's halachic ruling
  11. Statementרבה's version: each side concedes to the other
  12. QuestionIf they agree on both kinds of fruit, where do they disagree?
  13. ResponseThey disagree about mulberries and pomegranates
  14. ProofA ברייתא shows the dispute about mulberries and pomegranates
  15. ChallengeDoes רבי יהודה really forbid fruit brought in with no stated purpose?
  16. Challengeרבי עקיבא's קל וחומר about animal milk
  17. RejectionThe חכמים reject the קל וחומר: a woman's blood is also a liquid