Shevuos 13b

שבועות י״ג ע״ב

Shevuot 13b

Learn Shevuos 13b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Shevuos 13b in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Whether יום כיפור atones for violating itself, and how ישראל and כהנים get their יום כיפור atonement according to רבי יהודה and רבי שמעון

Overview

The גמרא first tries to prove that רבי agrees that יום כיפור does not atone for breaking יום כיפור itself, since otherwise daytime כרת could never happen. The proof is pushed away: a person could choke and die, or eat just before sunset, leaving the day no time to atone. Next, the משנה seems to call ישראל, כהנים and the כהן משוח both equal and different. רב יהודה explains that all of them are atoned by the שעיר המשתלח for ordinary sins, while the פר atones for the כהנים for טומאת מקדש וקדשיו. A ברייתא shows that this is רבי יהודה's view. רבי שמעון disagrees and holds that the כהנים get all their atonement from the פר, learning this from a היקש between the two goats. רבי יהודה reads that היקש as only requiring the goats to match in look, height and price. Finally, the גמרא asks who taught a ברייתא sending the כהנים to פרו של אהרן. רבא says רבי שמעון, while אביי shows that it can fit רבי יהודה too; אביי's explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. ProofWithout a limit, there would be no daytime כרת
2. RejectionDaytime כרת can still happen: death or eating near sunset
3. StatementQuoting the משנה: ישראל, כהנים, and כהן משוח
4. ChallengeThe משנה seems to contradict itself
5. Resolutionרב יהודה: equal for ordinary sins, different for טומאת מקדש
6. ProofThe author of the משנה is רבי יהודה, proven from a ברייתא
7. Statementרבי יהודה: everyone shares one atonement
8. Statementרבי שמעון: the כהנים have a separate atonement
9. ChallengeBut the פסוק puts everyone together
10. ResolutionEqual in needing atonement, but each gets its own
11. QuestionWhat is the source for רבי שמעון's view?
12. ResponseThe two goats are linked, so neither atones for the כהנים
13. Resolutionרבי יהודה: the link only means the goats must match
14. QuestionWhich תנא taught that the כהנים are atoned for by אהרן's bull?
15. StatementThe ברייתא proves the כהנים do get atonement
16. StatementThe bull of אהרן fits better than the inside goat
17. ProofA second proof from a פסוק in תהלים
18. Responseרבי ירמיה: the ברייתא does not follow רבי יהודה
19. Responseרבא: the ברייתא follows רבי שמעון
20. Resolutionאביי: the ברייתא can still fit רבי יהודה