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Temurah 18a

תמורה י״ח ע״א

Learn Temurah 18a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 18a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

Why פסוקים are needed alongside the הלכה about a חטאת and an אשם's offspring and תמורה; רב הונא's rule; and the משנה's dispute about whether a שלמים's offspring is offered

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a question from the previous עמוד: why does the ברייתא need a פסוק to exclude the offspring and תמורה of a חטאת and an אשם from the מזבח, when a הלכה already says a חטאת is left to die and an אשם is left to graze? After two answers fall away, the גמרא concludes that the פסוק adds an עשה for anyone who offers such an animal anyway. For רבי עקיבא's source, 'הוא', the גמרא says it teaches רב הונא's rule: an אשם that was sent to graze and then slaughtered without a stated purpose is a valid עולה, but not before it was sent to graze. Next the גמרא explains why the two ברייתות learn the offspring of a שלמים from different פסוקים: they disagree about whether to learn from the word 'אם'. Then a new משנה brings a dispute: רבי אליעזר says a שלמים's offspring is not offered, and the חכמים say it is. רבי שמעון limits the dispute to the direct offspring, and רבי יהושע and רבי פפייס testify that the offspring was offered. The גמרא first tries a פסוק as רבי אליעזר's source, rejects it, and explains his rule as a גזירה so people won't raise herds from קרבנות. Finally, רבה and רבי יהושע בן לוי disagree about רבי שמעון's words. רבה says everyone agrees the grand-offspring are offered, and רבי יהושע בן לוי says everyone agrees they are not.

Opening lines

אִי דְּאָשָׁם —

If it is of a guilt offering —

גְּמִירִי לַהּ דְּלִרְעִיָּיה אָזְלָא,

it is learned by tradition that it goes to grazing,

דְּכֹל שֶׁבַּחַטָּאת מֵתָה

for whatever case of a sin offering dies,

בָּאָשָׁם רוֹעֶה.

in a guilt offering, it grazes.

The steps (27)

  1. ChallengeThe guilt offering side of the question: a tradition already sends it to graze
  2. ResolutionFirst answer: the tradition is about death, the verse is about offering
  3. ChallengeChallenge: if it must die, obviously it is not offered
  4. ResolutionSecond answer: the tradition covers the sin offering, the verse covers the guilt offering's substitute
  5. ChallengeChallenge: the guilt offering is also covered by the tradition
  6. ResolutionFinal answer: the verse adds a positive commandment for one who offered it anyway
  7. StatementQuoting רבי עקיבא: the guilt offering is offered but not its substitute
  8. ChallengeChallenge to רבי עקיבא: why a verse if there is a tradition?
  9. ResolutionThe פסוק is needed for רב הונא's rule
  10. StatementOnly if it was sent to graze, because 'הוא' means it stays as it is
  11. ChallengeWhy not learn from 'זכר' and 'נקבה'?
  12. Resolution'זכר' and 'נקבה' teach about blemished animals
  13. ChallengeWhy not learn everything from this one פסוק?
  14. ResolutionThe second תנא does not learn from the word 'אם'
  15. ChallengeWhat does the first תנא do with 'You shall take and go'?
  16. ResolutionBring the animals even from the pasture, or from threshing
  17. StatementThe משנה: is a שלמים's offspring offered?
  18. Statementרבי שמעון narrows the dispute to the first offspring
  19. ProofTestimony that the offspring was offered
  20. StatementA verse-based reason for רבי אליעזר
  21. ChallengeThe same reading would apply to תודה
  22. ChallengeA ברייתא says a תודה's offspring is brought
  23. ResolutionThe real reason: a rabbinic decree against building herds
  24. StatementQuoting רבי שמעון's line from the משנה
  25. QuestionWhich way did רבי שמעון mean 'no dispute'?
  26. Responseרבה: everyone agrees the grand-offspring are brought
  27. Responseרבי יהושע בן לוי: everyone agrees the grand-offspring are not brought