Temurah 20a

תמורה כ׳ ע״א

Learn Temurah 20a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

Open Temurah 20a in Gemara Clarity

Topic

When does a female animal set aside for a male-only קרבן get קדושת הגוף and make a תמורה? The amud covers רבי שמעון's view, its reasons, and how רבי יהושע relates to it.

Overview

This amud discusses a female animal set aside for a קרבן that must be male. The question is whether it is holy enough to make a תמורה. The תנא קמא says it always makes a תמורה. רבי שמעון says this is true only for an עולה, not for a פסח or an אשם. His reason is that only an animal that must graze until it gets a blemish can make a תמורה. רבי disagrees with him about the פסח, because a leftover פסח is brought as a שלמים, which may be female. The גמרא explains why רבי does not argue about the אשם too. It then tests the idea that a female counts for an עולה because a bird עולה can be female, using the cases of the פרה אדומה and the goats of a יחיד and a נשיא. That idea is defended through רבי אלעזר בן עזריה, who allows anyone who pledges an עולה to bring a bird. Finally, a משנה about dedicating all one's possessions leads רבי חייא בר אבא to question רבי יהושע's ruling. רבי יוחנן answers that רבי יהושע follows רבי שמעון's rule, and רבי חייא בר אבא begins to push back, which continues on the next עמוד.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. StatementFirst opinion: a female set aside for פסח or אשם still creates a תמורה
2. Statementרבי שמעון splits the cases: עולה yes, פסח and אשם no
3. StatementThe reason: only an animal that must graze until blemished makes a תמורה
4. Statementרבי rejects רבי שמעון's view about the פסח
5. ChallengeWhy didn't רבי also argue about the אשם?
6. Resolutionרבי holds that leftover אשם money goes to communal offerings
7. StatementA suggested reason for רבי שמעון's view about the עולה
8. ChallengeThen the כהן גדול's cow should also make a תמורה
9. ResolutionThe פרה אדומה is holy for בדק הבית
10. ChallengeThe goats of an individual and of a נשיא
11. ResolutionAn individual and a נשיא are two different people
12. ChallengeWhat about someone who sinned before he became נשיא?
13. ResolutionHe never became obligated in a male goat
14. ChallengeThen the bird עולה reason should not work either
15. Resolutionרבי שמעון holds that anyone may pledge a bird עולה
16. StatementA משנה about dedicating all one's possessions
17. Statementרבי אליעזר: sell all the animals and give the money to בדק הבית
18. Statementרבי יהושע: males are brought as עולות, females are sold for שלמים
19. Challengeרבי חייא בר אבא asks how the females can become שלמים
20. ChallengeAnother version: if the males are holy in body, why are the females sold right away?
21. Resolutionרבי יהושע follows רבי שמעון: unfit animals get no body-holiness
22. ProofProof from רבי שמעון's ruling on a female set aside for an אשם
23. RejectionPushback: maybe רבי שמעון only said this about a female for an אשם