Temurah 20b

תמורה כ׳ ע״ב

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Topic

Female animals set aside for an עולה or an אשם, and the משנה's dispute over the substitute of an אשם, its offspring, and a leftover אשם.

Overview

The amud opens in the middle of a challenge against רבי יוחנן. He had said that רבי יהושע's ruling on a female set aside as an עולה matches רבי שמעון's view on a female set aside as an אשם. The challenger objects that a female עולה is different, and that רבי שמעון himself says a female עולה can make a תמורה. רבי יוחנן answers that רבי יהושע follows another report of רבי שמעון, in which even a female עולה makes no תמורה. A new משנה then teaches what happens to the substitute of an אשם and its offspring, and to an אשם whose owner died or already got כפרה. The first opinion says they graze until blemished and are sold for communal gift offerings, רבי אליעזר says they are left to die, and רבי אלעזר says the money buys a private עולה. The גמרא explains why both cases were needed. It then discusses רב נחמן's statement about when the dispute applies, which רבא refutes and which ends with a קשיא. Finally רבי אבין בר חייא asks whether the offspring of a female set aside as an אשם can be an עולה. He is told yes, because it is fit to be offered, and he begins an objection from the משנה that continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (23)

1. ChallengeA female burnt offering is different from a female guilt offering
2. Challengeרבי שמעון says a female burnt offering can make a substitute
3. Resolutionרבי יהושע follows another תנא's report of רבי שמעון
4. StatementNew משנה: the substitute of a guilt offering and its offspring
5. StatementTwo dissenting views in the משנה
6. StatementA leftover אשם: three opinions again
7. QuestionWhat is the difference between רבי אלעזר and the חכמים?
8. ResponseA private עולה: the owner's role
9. ResponseA communal gift offering: the owner has no special role
10. StatementThe גמרא opens: both disputes are needed
11. StatementIf only the leftover guilt offering were taught
12. ConclusionIf only the substitute were taught, so both cases are needed
13. StatementThe dispute applies only after atonement
14. Challengeרבא gives two refutations
15. ResolutionA new version of רב נחמן's statement
16. Challengeרב חנניא's teaching still contradicts it
17. QuestionCan the offspring of a female set aside as an אשם be an עולה?
18. ChallengeWhy not settle it from רבי יוסי's statement?
19. ResolutionHe had not heard it
20. ResponseThe answer: the offspring is brought as an עולה
21. ChallengePushback: רבי אלעזר only spoke about a female set aside as an עולה
22. Resolutionרבי אלעזר's real reason: the offspring is fit to be offered
23. ChallengeChallenge from the משנה: only 'with their money'