Temurah 21a

תמורה כ״א ע״א

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Topic

The תמורה of a בכור and מעשר, blemishing holy animals that are not offered, and whether בכור and מעשר שני may be eaten without the בית המקדש

Overview

The amud opens at the end of a question on the earlier משנה: why is the offspring of an אשם not offered as an עולה itself? רבי אבין בר כהנא answers that every offspring was female, and he admits this is a forced 'Babylonian' answer. A new משנה then teaches that the תמורה of a בכור or מעשר, and its offspring, have the same status as the original and are eaten once blemished. It also lists three ways בכור and מעשר differ from other קדשים: how they are sold, redemption, and bringing them from חוץ לארץ. רבי שמעון explains the last difference. The גמרא asks whether one who blemishes the תמורה of a בכור or the ninth animal of מעשר is liable. אביי shows from פסוקים that both are kept off the מזבח, and the גמרא gives this exchange in two versions. Next, the story of בן אנטיגנוס, whose בכורות from Babylonia were refused, seems to contradict the משנה. רב חסדא says the two sources follow רבי ישמעאל and רבי עקיבא. A ברייתא shows רבי ישמעאל proving from a הקש that מעשר שני is eaten only while the בית המקדש stands. The גמרא then explains his view, and that discussion continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (29)

1. ChallengeBut the animal itself is not offered?
2. ResolutionThe case is where she gave birth to a female
3. ChallengeNot one male until the end of time?
4. ResolutionI am giving a forced Babylonian answer
5. StatementThe substitute of a firstborn or tithe is like the original
6. StatementFirst difference: selling in the butcher shop
7. StatementSecond difference: redemption
8. StatementThird difference: animals from outside ארץ ישראל
9. Statementרבי שמעון explains why a firstborn and tithe stay outside the Land
10. QuestionIs one liable for blemishing the substitute of a firstborn or tithe?
11. Challengeאביי: then ask about the ninth animal of the tithe too
12. ResponseThe Torah excluded the ninth with the word 'tenth'
13. ResponseThe Torah also excludes the substitute of a firstborn
14. QuestionSecond version: the question is about the ninth animal
15. ChallengeThen ask about the substitute too
16. ResponseBoth are excluded by the Torah, so there is no question
17. ChallengeContradiction: firstborns from Babylonia were refused
18. ResolutionThe two sources follow different תנאים
19. ProofA ברייתא is brought in, and רבי ישמעאל raises a question about מעשר שני today
20. ProofFirst attempt: comparing מעשר שני to בכור
21. RejectionThe בכור comparison is rejected
22. ProofSecond attempt: comparing מעשר שני to ביכורים
23. RejectionThe ביכורים comparison is rejected too
24. ProofA verse links tithe to firstborn
25. ChallengeWhy not combine both cases?
26. ResolutionBoth cases involve the altar
27. ChallengeWhat does רבי ישמעאל hold about ירושלים?
28. ResolutionHis view on ירושלים's holiness, and the special בכור case
29. ResolutionThe meat of a בכור follows its blood