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Temurah 21b

תמורה כ״א ע״ב

Learn Temurah 21b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How different תנאים learn rules about בכור and מעשר שני from one פסוק, the end of פרק אלו קדשים, and the opening משנה about חטאות that are left to die.

Overview

This amud finishes a ברייתא in which several תנאים each learn something different from one פסוק. That פסוק (דברים 14:23) lists מעשר שני right next to בכור. First, רבי ישמעאל learns מעשר שני from בכור. The גמרא asks whether this breaks רבי יוחנן's rule against לָמֵד מִן הַלָּמֵד in קדשים, and answers that מעשר is חולין and that the meat and blood of a בכור count as one thing. רבי עקיבא learns that a בכור may be brought up only from where מעשר דגן is brought, meaning ארץ ישראל. בן עזאי learns that מעשר שני is eaten only inside the walls of ירושלים, and the גמרא explains that the idea of eating it anywhere within sight came from the rule in שילה. אחרים use the היקש to teach that a בכור does not become פסול when its year passes. The גמרא then shows where each side gets the rules the other side learns: 'שנה בשנה' and 'כחזה התנופה' cover not becoming פסול after a year and eating for two days and one night. The פרק ends with a הדרן, and a new משנה opens listing חטאות that are left to die.

Opening lines

וְאָתֵי מַעֲשֵׂר

And then מעשר comes

וְיָלֵיף מִבְּכוֹר.

and learns from בכור.

וּמִי יָלְפִינַן (קֹדֶשׁ) [בְּקָדָשִׁים] מֵהֲדָדֵי?

And do we learn holy things from one another?

וְהָאָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן:

But didn't Rabbi Yochanan say:

The steps (25)

  1. StatementSecond tithe is learned from the firstborn
  2. ChallengeCan holy things be learned in a two-step chain?
  3. ResolutionSecond tithe counts as non-holy
  4. ChallengeWhat if we look at the source instead?
  5. ResolutionMeat and blood are one thing
  6. Statementרבי עקיבא asks about a firstborn from outside the Land
  7. ProofThe verse links firstborn to grain tithe
  8. ConclusionNo firstborn from where grain tithe is not brought
  9. Statementבן עזאי's opening question about מעשר שני
  10. ProofA logical comparison to firstborn
  11. RejectionFirstborn is stricter, so the comparison fails
  12. ProofThe verse links tithe and firstborn
  13. QuestionWhy would anyone think otherwise?
  14. ResponseIn שילה, מעשר שני was eaten anywhere within sight
  15. ConclusionThe פסוק teaches that ירושלים is different
  16. StatementOthers raise a possibility: a בכור past its year might become פסול
  17. ProofThe היקש to מעשר shows a בכור does not become פסול
  18. QuestionWhere do the רבנן learn this rule?
  19. ResponseThe רבנן learn it from "שנה בשנה"
  20. QuestionWhat do אחרים learn from "שנה בשנה"?
  21. Response"שנה בשנה" teaches that a בכור is eaten for two days and one night
  22. QuestionWhere do the רבנן learn two days and one night?
  23. ResponseThe רבנן learn it from 'like the breast of the waving'
  24. ConclusionHadran: closing פרק אלו קדשים
  25. StatementNew פרק: sin offerings that are left to die