Temurah 22a

תמורה כ״ב ע״א

Learn Temurah 22a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The end of the משנה on חטאות left to die, and how ריש לקיש's rule about a חטאת שעברה שנתה fits the משנה through רבה's and רבא's readings

Overview

The amud opens with the end of the משנה about חטאות that are left to die. A חטאת whose year has passed, or a lost one found blemished, dies if the owner already got כפרה with another animal. If not, it grazes until it gets a blemish and is sold. The גמרא explains why the משנה splits the five dying חטאות into two groups, and why the same משנה appears in both מסכת תמורה and מסכת מעילה. ריש לקיש then rules that a חטאת שעברה שנתה is treated as if it stood in a cemetery, so it grazes. The משנה seems to contradict him. רבה answers that the case involves a temporary blemish, but רבא rejects that reading. רבא explains instead that the משנה is about animals with two problems, one of which is being lost. The גמרא then defends רבא against two challenges: his own rule about something lost at night, and the leftover יום כיפור goat. It concludes that rejected animals and lost animals are different cases.

Opening lines

The steps (20)

1. StatementEnd of the משנה: an overage or lost sin offering, before and after the owner's atonement
2. QuestionWhy aren't all five dying sin offerings listed together?
3. ResponseThe first group has a fixed rule; the second depends on the case
4. QuestionWhy is this משנה taught in both מעילה and תמורה?
5. ResponseEach מסכת teaches its own topic and brings the other along
6. Statementריש לקיש: an overage sin offering is treated as if it were in a cemetery, so it grazes
7. ChallengeThe משנה seems to refute ריש לקיש
8. Resolution'Dies' refers only to the lost-and-found blemished animal
9. ChallengeBut the next part says it grazes until blemished
10. Resolutionרבה: it was a temporary blemish
11. Challengeרבא's two refutations of רבה's explanation
12. Resolutionרבא's new reading: two problems together cause death
13. StatementWhy loss had to be taught with the year-passed case too
14. ConclusionThe other side: both cases were needed
15. ChallengeDid רבא really say a year-passed lost animal dies?
16. ResolutionNight-lost is useless for everything, but year-passed is still worth money
17. ChallengeA challenge from the יום כיפור goats begins
18. Statementרבי יוחנן: the goat from the first pair is permanently rejected
19. ChallengeThe first goat is like a year-passed animal, so an individual's would die
20. ResolutionRejected animals and lost animals are different cases