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Yevamos 69a

יבמות ס״ט ע״א

Yevamot 69a

Learn Yevamos 69a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Which men's relations disqualify a woman from כהונה and תרומה, how we learn it, and the start of a new משנה

Overview

The גמרא reads the פסוק about a כהן's daughter who is widowed or divorced (ויקרא 22:13). Widowhood and divorce only exist with a man she can marry, so a גוי or an עבד disqualifies her even without a child. The extra word 'ובת' shows the same is true for a לויה and a ישראלית, and even the רבנן agree. According to רבי עקיבא, the words אלמנה and גרושה teach two other laws: a widow with a child may not return to eat תרומה, and a divorcée without a child may. The words 'איש זר' show that a man who remarries his divorcée does not disqualify her. A חלל does disqualify her, because the פסוק compares him to his father. The case of a כהן גדול with an אלמנה shows that relations alone disqualify her, without קידושין. The גמרא then explains how the תנא קמא, רבי יוסי and רבן שמעון בן גמליאל differ: over a second-generation מצרי, and over a גר עמוני or מואבי. A new משנה begins: a rapist, a seducer and a שוטה do not affect a woman's right to eat תרומה, unless the man may not marry into ישראל.

Opening lines

מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ אַלְמְנוּת וְגֵירוּשִׁין בָּהּ,

One who can have widowhood and divorce with her,

יָצְאוּ גּוֹי וְעֶבֶד

excluding a gentile and a slave

שֶׁאֵין לוֹ אַלְמְנוּת וְגֵירוּשִׁין.

who cannot have widowhood and divorce.

אַשְׁכְּחַן כֹּהֶנֶת —

We have found it for a priest's daughter;

The steps (31)

  1. StatementOnly a man who can marry her has widowhood and divorce
  2. QuestionWhat about a Levite or Israelite woman?
  3. ResponseThe extra 'and' in 'and a daughter' adds other women
  4. ChallengeDoes this only work for רבי עקיבא?
  5. ResolutionEven the Rabbis agree, because the whole word is extra
  6. ChallengeMaybe the verse means the opposite: with a non-husband she may eat
  7. ResolutionThe inclusion of a לויה and ישראלית proves the rule is a stringency
  8. ChallengeAccording to רבי עקיבא, why does the פסוק say widow or divorcée?
  9. ResolutionWidow teaches a stringency, divorcée teaches a leniency, and both are needed
  10. ChallengeDoes remarrying one's divorcée count as a forbidden partner?
  11. ResolutionOnly a man who was a stranger to her from the start disqualifies her
  12. ChallengeA חלל is not a 'stranger' from the start, so how can he disqualify?
  13. ResolutionThe פסוק compares the son to the father
  14. ChallengeMaybe she is disqualified already at the קידושין
  15. ResolutionLike a כהן גדול with a widow, it happens through relations
  16. ChallengeMaybe both קידושין and relations are needed
  17. ResolutionLike a כהן גדול with a widow, relations alone are enough
  18. Statementרבי יוסי: whoever's children are unfit disqualifies
  19. QuestionHow does רבי יוסי differ from the תנא קמא?
  20. ResponseThe difference: a second-generation Egyptian or Edomite
  21. StatementBoth learn from the כהן גדול; the תנא קמא's reasoning
  22. Statementרבי יוסי's reasoning: only a man whose children are unfit disqualifies
  23. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל's rule: daughter and widow go together
  24. QuestionHow does רבי יוסי differ from רבן שמעון בן גמליאל?
  25. Responseעולא: The Difference Is a גר עמוני or מואבי
  26. Statementרבי יוסי: Any Man Whose Children Are Unfit Disqualifies
  27. Statementרבן שמעון בן גמליאל: Only If All the Children Are Unfit
  28. ProofSource: An עמוני Man Is Unfit, Not an עמונית Woman
  29. StatementNew משנה: Rapist, Seducer, and שוטה Do Not Affect תרומה
  30. StatementException: A Man Unfit to Marry Into Israel Does Disqualify
  31. StatementExample: A ישראל With a בת כהן