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Yevamos 73b

יבמות ע״ג ע״ב

Yevamot 73b

Learn Yevamos 73b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How מעשר שני and בכורים compare to תרומה: the rules for an אונן and ביעור, and the sources for the laws of burning and eating them when impure.

Overview

The amud opens by finishing an earlier proof. The list of differences between מעשר שני/בכורים and תרומה is not complete, so the תנא 'taught and left things out' (תני ושייר). The גמרא then explains two disputes. The רבנן compare בכורים to מעשר through a הקש, so בכורים are forbidden to an אונן and need ביעור. רבי שמעון notes that the תורה calls בכורים 'תרומה,' so he permits them to an אונן and exempts them from ביעור. Next the גמרא finds the sources for the rules about impure מעשר. 'לא בערתי ממנו בטמא' forbids burning it, and 'לא תוכל לאכול בשעריך' gives a לאו against eating it when the food itself is impure. The word 'ממנו' lets impure תרומה oil be burned but not impure קודש, because קודש is stricter: it has more stringencies, or it carries כרת. Eating impure תרומה is still forbidden but brings no lashes, because it is a לאו הבא מכלל עשה. At the end, רב אשי starts another proof of תני ושייר, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְאוֹכְלָן בְּטוּמְאַת עַצְמָן לוֹקֶה,

and one who eats them when they themselves are impure is lashed,

מַה שֶּׁאֵין כֵּן בַּתְּרוּמָה —

which is not so with תרומה —

לָא קָתָנֵי.

this it does not teach.

אַלְמָא תָּנֵי וְשַׁיַּיר.

Apparently, he taught and left things out.

The steps (26)

  1. ConclusionThe list leaves things out, so the תנא taught and omitted
  2. QuestionQuoting the אונן dispute and asking for its source
  3. ResponseThe רבנן learn it from a הקש to מעשר
  4. Responseרבי שמעון: בכורים are called תרומה
  5. StatementQuoting the dispute about ביעור
  6. ConclusionThe ביעור dispute depends on the הקש
  7. QuestionWhere do we learn the rules about impure מעשר and בכורים?
  8. Responseרבי שמעון reads the פסוק as covering both kinds of impurity
  9. Statementרבי שמעון does not know where the warning against eating is written
  10. ChallengeBut the warning for an impure person is written openly
  11. ResolutionHe was really asking about impure food
  12. ResponseThe source for impure מעשר: 'here you may not eat'
  13. QuestionWhy may impure תרומה be burned?
  14. Response'ממנו' means only מעשר, so impure תרומה oil may be burned
  15. ChallengeMaybe 'of it' allows burning impure sacred oil
  16. ResolutionA קל וחומר keeps sacred oil under the ban
  17. ChallengeThe same logic should include תרומה too
  18. ResolutionThe word 'of it' must exclude something
  19. QuestionWhy exclude תרומה and not קודש?
  20. Responseקודש has six extra stringencies, so תרומה is excluded
  21. ChallengeMaybe תרומה is the stricter one
  22. Resolutionקודש has more stringencies
  23. Resolutionכרת outweighs everything
  24. QuestionNo lashes for impure תרומה, but what is the source for the prohibition?
  25. ResponseThe source is a לאו הבא מכלל עשה
  26. Proofרב אשי: the first part of the משנה also shows the תנא left things out