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Yevamos 74b

יבמות ע״ד ע״ב

Yevamot 74b

Learn Yevamos 74b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The stages of purity after טומאה: טבילה for מעשר, sunset for תרומה, and the כפרה for קדשים, and whether someone who still owes a כפרה may eat תרומה.

Overview

The גמרא finishes showing that the holy food in the פסוק 'עד אשר יטהר' is תרומה. Only תרומה is equal for all of אהרן's descendants: a חוזרת rules out חזה ושוק, and a חללה does not count as זרע אהרן. Then the גמרא asks whether 'until he is pure' means sunset or bringing a כפרה. דבי רבי ישמעאל answers that the פסוק is about people who never bring a כפרה, so it means sunset. The גמרא pushes further: maybe someone who does owe a כפרה must wait for it before eating תרומה. It also asks for the source of the משנה's three stages. רב חסדא answers with three פסוקים: טבילה for מעשר, sunset for תרומה, and the כפרה for קדשים. The order is defended by weighing which food is stricter, and רבא adds a proof from the word נפש. When the question about someone who owes a כפרה comes back, אביי proves from the two פסוקים about a יולדת that sunset permits תרומה, while קדשים must wait for the קרבן, and רבא backs this from the wording of the פסוק. רב שישא objects that a גיורת and a freed שפחה are included in that section even though they cannot eat תרומה. רבא answers 'ולא?', and his explanation continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

בְּזַרְעוֹ שֶׁל אַהֲרֹן —

for all the seed of Aaron, both sons and daughters —

הֱוֵי אוֹמֵר זוֹ תְּרוּמָה.

you must say: this is terumah.

וְאֵימָא בְּחָזֶה וָשׁוֹק?

But say it refers to the breast and thigh?

אֵינָהּ בְּחוֹזֶרֶת.

It is not permitted to the one who returns.

The steps (24)

  1. ResponseThe holy food equal for all of אהרן's descendants is תרומה
  2. ChallengeMaybe it means the breast and thigh
  3. ResolutionA returning daughter cannot eat breast and thigh
  4. ChallengeBut תרומה is not allowed to a חללה either
  5. ResolutionA חללה does not count as זרע אהרן
  6. ChallengeMaybe 'until he is pure' means until he brings his offering
  7. ResolutionThe verse is about people who never bring an offering
  8. ChallengeMaybe sunset is enough only for someone who brings no atonement
  9. QuestionWhere does the three-level rule of the משנה come from?
  10. ResponseThree פסוקים, one for each level
  11. ChallengeWhy not switch מעשר and תרומה?
  12. Resolutionתרומה is stricter, so it gets the stricter rule
  13. ChallengeOn the contrary, tithe is the stricter one
  14. ResolutionEven so, the death penalty is the weightier strictness
  15. Resolutionרבא: the word 'soul' shows the immersion-only verse is about tithe
  16. ChallengeStill, maybe someone who owes an atonement offering must wait for it
  17. ResolutionTwo verses about a woman after childbirth: one for תרומה, one for holy offerings
  18. ChallengeWhy not reverse which verse goes with which food?
  19. ResolutionHoly offerings are stricter, so they get the stricter rule
  20. ChallengeBut תרומה has strictnesses too
  21. ResolutionHoly offerings have more strictnesses
  22. Resolutionרבא proves from the verse itself that the sunset rule is for תרומה
  23. ChallengeHow can the verse be about תרומה if it includes a convert and a freed maidservant?
  24. Resolutionרבא questions the assumption that these women can never eat תרומה