Yoma 63b

יומא ס״ג ע״ב

Learn Yoma 63b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

How the word ״לה׳״ excludes or includes the שעיר המשתלח, and why both its מחוסר זמן and מום disqualifications are needed

Overview

This amud finishes a ברייתא about which animals make a person liable for שחוטי חוץ. ״פתח אהל מועד״ limits liability to animals fit for the Temple. ״לה׳״ then excludes the פרת חטאת and the שעיר המשתלח. The גמרא raises a contradiction: another ברייתא uses ״לה׳״ to include the שעיר המשתלח in the rule against an animal that is מחוסר זמן. רבא answers that ״לה׳״ balances the rest of its verse, so it excludes in one verse and includes in the other. The גמרא then asks why that inclusion is needed, since the lottery only works on goats fit for ה׳. רב יוסף first points to חנן המצרי, but that answer is pushed away, so he points to רבי שמעון, who brings a replacement goat without a lottery. רבינא answers instead with a blemished שעיר המשתלח whose status was moved onto another goat. A ברייתא proves that a מום disqualifies the שעיר המשתלח, and a צריכותא shows that both the מום rule and the מחוסר זמן rule are needed.

Opening lines

The steps (15)

1. StatementOnly animals fit for the Tent of Meeting bring liability
2. Statement״לה׳״ excludes the פרת חטאת and the שעיר המשתלח
3. ChallengeContradiction: another ברייתא uses ״לה׳״ to include the שעיר המשתלח
4. Resolutionרבא: the word's job depends on its verse
5. ChallengeWhy was a verse needed if the lottery requires fitness anyway?
6. Resolutionרב יוסף: the ברייתא follows חנן המצרי
7. RejectionMaybe חנן המצרי still requires a lottery
8. Resolutionרב יוסף's new answer: the ברייתא follows רבי שמעון
9. Resolutionרבינא's answer: a blemished goat whose status was transferred
10. QuestionHow do we know a מום disqualifies the שעיר המשתלח?
11. ProofThe ברייתא begins: blemished fats, even partly, may not be offered
12. Response״לה׳״ includes the שעיר המשתלח in the מום rule
13. StatementBoth disqualifications must be written
14. ResponseWhy a too-young rule alone would not teach the blemish rule
15. ConclusionWhy a blemish rule alone would not teach the too-young rule, so both are needed