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Yoma 70b

יומא ע׳ ע״ב

Learn Yoma 70b step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The order of the יום הכפורים offerings: רבי אליעזר vs. רבי עקיבא, the splitting of the seven lambs, one ram or two, and the כהן גדול's final entry to remove the כף and מחתה

Overview

This amud opens at the end of a ברייתא that lists רבי עקיבא's order of the כהן גדול's offerings on יום הכפורים. The גמרא explains the reasoning of each side. רבי אליעזר follows the order of the תורה's books, and רבי עקיבא learns from "מלבד עולת הבקר" that the מוספין go with the morning תמיד. The גמרא also explains how רבי אליעזר uses "מלבד חטאת הכפורים": the outer שעיר atones for the same thing as the inner שעיר. Next come two more reports of רבי עקיבא's view, which split the seven lambs between morning and afternoon (1+6 or 6+1). Both reports split them because two פסוקים point to two times. The numbers differ because one side fears the כהן גדול will grow weak and the other fears he will be negligent. The גמרא then notes that all these views count only one ram for the people. That matches רבי, who reads "אחד" as one ram, against רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון, who counts two rams and reads "אחד" as the choicest of the flock. Finally the גמרא returns to the משנה: the כהן גדול washes again and enters to take out the כף and מחתה, and this ברייתא continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

וְאַחַר כָּךְ שָׂעִיר הַנַּעֲשֶׂה בַּחוּץ,

And afterward, the goat whose service is done outside,

שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״שְׂעִיר עִזִּים אֶחָד חַטָּאת

as it is said: "One goat as a sin-offering

מִלְּבַד חַטַּאת הַכִּפּוּרִים״,

besides the sin-offering of atonement,"

וְאַחַר כָּךְ אֵילוֹ וְאֵיל הָעָם,

and afterward, his ram and the ram of the people,

The steps (29)

  1. StatementThe rest of the day's order according to רבי עקיבא
  2. QuestionWhat is רבי אליעזר's reason?
  3. Responseרבי אליעזר follows the order of the תורה's text
  4. QuestionAnd what is רבי עקיבא's reason?
  5. Responseרבי עקיבא: the additional offerings go with the morning תמיד
  6. QuestionWhat does רבי אליעזר learn from 'besides the sin-offering of atonement'?
  7. ResponseThe outer goat atones for what the inner goat atones for
  8. StatementTwo more reports of רבי עקיבא's view on the seven lambs
  9. QuestionWhy do these two split the lambs at all?
  10. ResponseTwo verses point to two times, so the lambs are split
  11. QuestionWhat exactly do they disagree about?
  12. Responseרבי יהודה: offer only one first so the כהן גדול does not get tired
  13. Responseרבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון: once he starts, do six so he will not neglect them later
  14. StatementEveryone agrees there is only one ram
  15. QuestionWhose view is the single ram?
  16. ResponseIt follows רבי, who says the two rams are really one
  17. Statementרבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון counts two rams
  18. QuestionWhat is רבי's reason?
  19. ResponseThe word "אחד" teaches one ram
  20. QuestionHow does רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון read "אחד"?
  21. Response"אחד" means the best of the flock
  22. QuestionWhere does רבי learn the best-of-the-flock rule?
  23. Responseרבי learns it from "מבחר נדריך"
  24. QuestionWhy does רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון need two sources?
  25. ResponseOne פסוק for obligatory, one for voluntary
  26. StatementBack to the משנה: he washed his hands and feet
  27. StatementA ברייתא quotes "ובא אהרן אל אהל מועד"
  28. QuestionWhy does he go in?
  29. ResponseTo take out the spoon and the coal pan