Yoma 81a

יומא פ״א ע״א

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Topic

Abnormal eating, combining food and drink, and the source of the אזהרה for not fasting on יום כיפור

Overview

The amud opens by finishing a ברייתא: a זר who chews raw barley of תרומה pays the קרן but not the חומש, because harmful eating is not real 'eating'. רבי יוחנן then rules on plums of תרומה that were swallowed, vomited, and eaten by someone else. Next the גמרא asks why eating and drinking do not combine on יום כיפור. רב חסדא and ריש לקיש say the משנה follows רבי יהושע's rule from הלכות טומאה. רב נחמן and רבי יוחנן say even the רבנן agree, because the יום כיפור measure depends on יתובי דעתא. A new משנה teaches that eating and drinking bring one חטאת, eating and מלאכה bring two, and unfit food or brine is exempt. The גמרא then searches for the Torah's אזהרה against eating on יום כיפור. After ריש לקיש's explanation runs into a קשיא, a ברייתא and רבינא find it through a גזירה שוה of 'עצם' and 'עצם' with מלאכה, and רבי ישמעאל's school and רב אחא בר יעקב give other sources. רב פפא begins yet another source, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

The steps (42)

1. ProofChewing raw barley of תרומה is not real eating
2. StatementPlums of תרומה swallowed, vomited, and eaten by another
3. QuestionWhich תנא holds that eating and drinking don't combine?
4. Responseרב חסדא: it is a dispute, and this follows רבי יהושע
5. Proofרבי יהושע's rule: same impurity and same measure combine
6. ProofIf impurity or measure differ, there is no combining
7. Responseרב נחמן: Even the רבנן Can Agree
8. Responseריש לקיש Agrees with רב חסדא
9. Responseרבי יוחנן Holds Like רב נחמן
10. StatementOne Sin-Offering or Two
11. StatementInedible Food and Undrinkable Liquids Are Exempt
12. QuestionWhy No Explicit Warning Against Eating
13. ResponseWriting 'Do Not Eat' Would Mean an Olive-Bulk
14. ResponseWriting 'Do Not Be Afflicted' Would Mean the Opposite
15. Challengeרב הושעיא suggests another wording for the warning
16. ResolutionThat wording would create too many prohibitions
17. Challengeרב ביבי suggests 'Guard yourself in the מצוה of affliction'
18. Resolution'Guard' on a positive מצוה stays a positive מצוה
19. Challengeרב אשי suggests 'Do not stray from affliction'
20. ConclusionThe objection stands unanswered
21. StatementA תנא brings a source from the verses
22. QuestionMaybe there is כרת for working during the added time
23. Responseכרת for labor applies only on the day itself
24. QuestionMaybe eating in the added time is different
25. Responseכרת for not fasting applies only on the day itself
26. QuestionMaybe there is a warning for work in the added time
27. ResponseNo warning for work in the added time
28. QuestionMaybe there is a warning for not fasting in the added time
29. ResponseLogic shows there is no warning for fasting in the added time
30. QuestionWhere is the warning for not fasting on the day itself?
31. ResponseThe punishment for work did not need to be written
32. ProofA גזירה שוה gives fasting a warning like work
33. RejectionThe logic can be refuted: work has exceptions, fasting does not
34. ResolutionFlip the direction: learn the punishment for not fasting from work
35. ProofThe extra verse teaches that not fasting also has a warning
36. RejectionRejected: work is stricter because it applies on שבת and יום טוב
37. Resolutionרבינא: the source is the shared word "עצם"
38. QuestionThe word must be extra, or the same challenge returns
39. ResponseFive verses about work: one is free for the comparison
40. ProofLearning the warning from the word affliction in another place
41. ProofLearning the warning from the phrase שבת שבתון
42. Statementרב פפא begins another approach