Yoma 81b

יומא פ״א ע״ב

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Topic

תוספת on holy days and eating on ערב יום כיפור; which foods and drinks count as eating and drinking on יום הכפורים

Overview

This amud opens at the end of רב פפא's source: יום הכיפורים itself is called 'שבת', so a שבת-type warning applies to it. The גמרא asks why רב אחא בר יעקב did not use that verse. It answers that he needs it for a ברייתא that teaches תוספת, adding weekday time onto holy days at the start and the end, for יום הכיפורים, ימים טובים and שבתות. The תנא of 'עצם' 'עצם' uses 'בתשעה' for חייא בר רב מדפתי's teaching: eating on the ninth counts as if one fasted on both the ninth and the tenth. The גמרא then returns to the משנה's rule about food that is not fit to eat. רבא says chewing pepper or ginger is פטור, and challenges from ערלה and from a ברכה are answered by splitting moist from dry. A ברייתא teaches that reed leaves are not food but young grapevine shoots are, and two אמוראים define how young the shoots must be. Finally, the משנה's ruling on fish brine implies that vinegar is a drink, following רבי. When רב גידל ruled against רבי, people drank diluted vinegar on יום הכפורים, and he explained that his ruling was far narrower.

Opening lines

The steps (21)

1. Statementרב פפא: יום הכיפורים itself is called שבת
2. QuestionWhy didn't רב אחא בר יעקב use רב פפא's verse?
3. ResolutionHe needs the verse for adding time onto יום הכיפורים
4. StatementAdding time extends to the end of the day, יום טוב, and שבת
5. QuestionWhat does the תנא of 'עצם' 'עצם' learn from 'בתשעה'?
6. ResponseEating on the ninth counts like fasting
7. StatementChewing pepper or ginger on יום הכפורים is exempt
8. ChallengeChallenge from רבי מאיר: pepper is a food tree for ערלה
9. ResolutionMoist pepper versus dry pepper
10. ChallengeChallenge from רב נחמן: ginger gets a ברכה
11. ResolutionMoist ginger versus dry ginger
12. StatementReed leaves are not food, but grapevine shoots are
13. QuestionWhich grapevine shoots count as food?
14. ResponseTwo opinions on how young the shoots must be
15. ProofA ברייתא supports רבי יצחק מגדלאה
16. StatementFish brine is exempt, so vinegar must be liable
17. QuestionWhose view is the משנה?
18. ResponseThe משנה follows רבי: vinegar revives the spirit
19. Statementרב גידל rules against רבי
20. StatementPeople drink diluted vinegar the next year
21. Rejectionרב גידל explains his ruling was much narrower