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Zevachim 103a

זבחים ק״ג ע״א

Learn Zevachim 103a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

Who gets the hide of a קרבן, and what the words 'עולת איש' come to exclude

Overview

The משנה teaches that the כהנים get the hide of an עולה only if the מזבח got its meat, learned from 'עולת איש'. An עולה slaughtered שלא לשמה and a woman's עולה still give their hides to the כהנים. Hides of קדשים קלים go to the owners, and hides of קדשי קדשים go to the כהנים by a קל וחומר. The גמרא brings a ברייתא where רבי יהודה says 'עולת איש' excludes an 'עולה of הקדש', and רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה says it excludes converts' עולות. The אמוראים explain רבי יהודה's 'עולה of הקדש' in several ways: an עולה bought with leftover money, an עולה dedicated to בדק הבית, or an עולה from someone who dedicated all his property (following רבי יהושע). Along the way, רב המנונא argues that רבי יהודה took back the leftover-money view because of יהוידע הכהן's teaching. רבינא explains that 'converts' means a convert who died with no heirs. A second ברייתא includes converts, women and slaves from 'עור העולה' and uses 'עולת איש' to exclude an עולה slaughtered for outside its time or place. It then starts to ask about an עולה slaughtered שלא לשמה, which continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

מַתְנִי׳

MISHNAH:

כׇּל שֶׁלֹּא זָכָה הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בִּבְשָׂרָהּ –

Any [burnt offering] whose meat the altar did not acquire,

לֹא זָכוּ כֹּהֲנִים בְּעוֹרָהּ;

the priests did not acquire its hide;

שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: ״עֹלַת אִישׁ״ –

as it is said: "a man's burnt offering" (ויקרא 7:8),

The steps (30)

  1. StatementNo meat for the altar means no hide for the priests
  2. StatementA burnt offering slaughtered for the wrong purpose still gives its hide
  3. StatementA woman's burnt offering is the same as a man's
  4. StatementLesser offerings' hides go to owners, most holy offerings' hides go to priests
  5. ProofProving the priests' right to most holy hides by a קל וחומר
  6. RejectionThe altar cannot disprove the קל וחומר
  7. Statementרבי יהודה: 'a man's burnt offering' excludes a consecrated-property offering
  8. Statementרבי יוסי son of רבי יהודה: it excludes converts' burnt offerings
  9. QuestionWhat does 'an עולה of הקדש' mean?
  10. ResponseAn עולה bought with leftover funds
  11. ChallengeBut some say leftovers go to an individual's offering
  12. Resolution'העולה' means a first עולה
  13. ResponseAnother explanation: an עולה dedicated to בדק הבית
  14. StatementWhy רבי ינאי's teaching is a real new point
  15. Statementרב נחמן supports the leftover-money explanation
  16. Challengeרב המנונא: didn't רבי יהודה take this back?
  17. Challengeרבי נחמיה: you cancel יהוידע's teaching
  18. Proofיהוידע's teaching: the hide goes to the כהנים
  19. QuestionThen how do you explain the words?
  20. ResponseIt is about someone who dedicates all his property
  21. ProofThe משנה about dedicated property: רבי אליעזר's view
  22. Proofרבי יהושע's view: the males themselves are offered
  23. ResolutionEven רבי יהושע agrees the hide goes to בדק הבית
  24. StatementAnother view: 'a man's burnt offering' leaves out converts
  25. ChallengeIsn't a convert also a man?
  26. ResolutionHe means a convert who died with no heirs
  27. Statement'The hide of the burnt offering' includes converts, women and slaves
  28. QuestionSo what do the words 'a man's burnt offering' teach?
  29. ResponseAn עולה that counted for its owner, not one slaughtered for outside its time or place
  30. ChallengeMaybe an עולה slaughtered for the wrong offering is also left out