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Zevachim 28b

זבחים כ״ח ע״ב

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Topic

Where the laws of חוץ לזמנו, חוץ למקומו and נותר come from: which פסוק teaches each, which carries כרת, and רבא's reading of the whole long פסוק (ויקרא 7:18).

Overview

The גמרא finishes showing that the extra פסוק in ויקרא 19:7 teaches חוץ למקומו, and that the כרת in the next פסוק belongs to נותר, not to חוץ למקומו. It asks why the כרת is not given the other way around. It first answers that נותר is more like חוץ לזמנו (ז"ב), but אדרבה shows that חוץ למקומו is like it in even more ways (מקד"ש). So רבי יוחנן, quoting זבדי בר לוי, brings a firm source: a גזירה שוה of 'קדש'–'קדש' ties the כרת פסוק to נותר. The גמרא then asks why the long פסוק (ויקרא 7:18) is read as חוץ לזמנו and the קדושים פסוק as חוץ למקומו, and not the reverse. Here too the similarity argument is turned around with אדרבה. So רבא says all these laws come from the long פסוק alone, and he reads it phrase by phrase. 'האכל יאכל' covers eating by a person and by the מזבח. 'זבח שלמיו' sets which offerings are included, and 'שלישי' teaches חוץ לזמנו. 'לא ירצה' teaches that פגול needs all the מתירין to be offered, 'המקריב' teaches that the disqualification happens at the offering, and 'אותו' teaches that only the offering is disqualified, not the כהן. His reading of 'לא יחשב' continues on the next amud.

Opening lines

אִם אֵינוֹ עִנְיָן לְחוּץ לִזְמַנּוֹ,

If it is not needed for the matter of 'beyond its time,'

תְּנֵהוּ לְעִנְיַן חוּץ לִמְקוֹמוֹ;

apply it to the matter of 'outside its place';

וּמִיעֵט רַחֲמָנָא גַּבֵּי נוֹתָר:

And the Merciful One limited it to נותר:

״וְאֹכְלָיו עֲוֹנוֹ יִשָּׂא״ –

'And whoever eats it shall bear his iniquity'

The steps (17)

  1. StatementMoving the extra פסוק over to teach חוץ למקומו
  2. StatementThe כרת in the next פסוק goes to נותר, not to חוץ למקומו
  3. ChallengeWhy not give כרת to חוץ למקומו and take it from נותר?
  4. Resolutionנותר is more like חוץ לזמנו, so it should get the כרת
  5. ChallengeOn the contrary: חוץ למקומו is more like חוץ לזמנו
  6. ResolutionA word-link shows the כרת verse is about נותר
  7. StatementThe limiting words leave חוץ למקומו without כרת
  8. ChallengeWhy not switch the two verses?
  9. ResolutionThe long verse fits חוץ לזמנו because it learns from נותר
  10. RejectionOn the contrary: flip which verse is which
  11. Resolutionרבא: everything comes from the long verse
  12. StatementLike שלמים: offerings with a part that makes פגול and a part that becomes פגול
  13. Statement'Third' teaches חוץ לזמנו
  14. StatementAn offering becomes פגול only when it would otherwise have been accepted
  15. StatementThe disqualification happens at the time of offering
  16. StatementThe offering is disqualified, not the כהן
  17. StatementStarting the next phrase: 'it shall not be credited'