Zevachim 57a

זבחים נ״ז ע״א

Learn Zevachim 57a step by step: Aramaic beside English, every question, answer and proof colour-coded.

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Topic

The יסוד requirement and placements of blood, and the source for how long a בכור may be eaten, including the debate in יבנה over היקש

Overview

Earlier on this daf, the גמרא learned that בכור, מעשר and פסח need their blood placed where the altar has a יסוד, by comparing them to the עולה. Now it brings a פסוק showing that the עולה itself needs the יסוד. It explains why these offerings do not also copy the עולה's 'two placements that are four': 'around' is written for עולה, חטאת and אשם, and verses that repeat the same rule do not teach other cases. Next the גמרא turns to the משנה's line about the בכור and brings a ברייתא: the פסוק compares the בכור to the חזה ושוק of שלמים, so it is eaten for two days and one night. The ברייתא then tells of a debate in יבנה. רבי טרפון and the young רבי יוסי הגלילי trade logical comparisons, until רבי עקיבא settles it with the היקש from the פסוק and the extra words 'לך יהיה'. רבי ישמעאל says רבי עקיבא should not have conceded the comparison to a תודה, because something learned by a היקש cannot teach by a היקש. The גמרא explains how each תנא uses 'לך יהיה' and 'בשרם', including the law that a blemished בכור goes to the כהן. Finally, it shows that their real argument is whether a law from a היקש plus another source counts as a היקש. It then tests both views against the יום כפור sprinklings.

Opening lines

The steps (28)

1. QuestionWhere do we learn that a burnt offering itself needs the base?
2. ResponseThe verse 'the base of the altar of the burnt offering'
3. ChallengeThen they should also need two placements that are four
4. Resolutionאביי: two verses that say the same thing do not teach
5. ChallengeWhat about the opinion that two such verses do teach?
6. ResolutionWith the guilt offering there are three verses, and three certainly do not teach
7. QuestionWhere do we learn the eating time of a בכור?
8. ResponseThe פסוק compares בכור to the breast and thigh of שלמים
9. StatementIn יבנה, רבי טרפון rules two days and one night
10. QuestionA new student, רבי יוסי הגלילי, asks for the source
11. Responseרבי טרפון: בכור is like שלמים, both קדשים קלים
12. Challengeרבי יוסי הגלילי: maybe בכור is like חטאת and אשם
13. Resolutionרבי טרפון adds that neither שלמים nor בכור comes for a sin
14. Challengeרבי יוסי הגלילי adds that neither חטאת, אשם nor בכור comes as a vow or gift
15. Proofרבי עקיבא brings a הקש from the פסוק to the breast and thigh of שלמים
16. Rejectionרבי יוסי הגלילי says the comparison could be to the breast and thigh of a תודה
17. Resolutionרבי עקיבא Finds a Second Day in the Extra Words
18. Rejectionרבי ישמעאל Says the Thanks-Offering Comparison Fails
19. QuestionWhat Does רבי ישמעאל Learn From the Extra Words?
20. ResponseA Blemished Firstborn Also Goes to the Priest
21. Responseרבי עקיבא Learns the Blemished Firstborn From 'Their Flesh'
22. ResponseHow רבי ישמעאל Reads the Plural 'Their Flesh'
23. QuestionWhat exactly are they arguing about?
24. ResponseA law from a היקש plus another source: is it a היקש?
25. ProofThe view 'not a היקש' fits the יום כפור פסוק
26. ProofHow the sprinklings are copied from inside to the היכל
27. ChallengeThe challenge to the view that a mixed case counts as a היקש
28. ResolutionThe places are compared, not the bloods